Eco-Tourism In Marine Protected Areas As A Tool For Environmental Security In Coral Triangle Region
Keywords:
Coral triangle, marine ecosystems, coral reefs, environmental security, ecotourism
Abstract
The Coral Triangle region stretches across six countries in Southeast Asia and Pacific (Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste), it is considered as the world's center of marine diversity and a major source of direct and indirect income for millions of people. Hence, the importance of the research aimed at highlighting the most significant threats facing the marine ecosystems, especially coral reefs. It also deals with the several efforts of the region’s countries to achieve environmental security.
The study shows that the regional cooperation and involving the community in environmental conservation and ecotourism programs will reduce the negative impacts of climate change, pollution and overfishing practices the coral triangle is facing.
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Julius Ary Mollet, Sustainable Development Ecotourism in West Papua: Learning from The Scottish Experience, KnE Social Sciences, vol. 2016, pages 14–18. DOI 10.18502/kss.v1i1.429, P15
بوعكريف زهير، بوحبيلة إلهام، السياحة البيئية كآلية لدعم تحقيق تنمية سياحية مستدامة – ايضاءات على بعض التجارب العربية-، مجلة التنمية الاقتصادية، العدد 01، 2016، ص39
Harriman Samuel Saragih, Dynamic Marketing In Indonesia’s Ecotourism Sector: A Review And Research Agenda, Conference On Management And Behavioral Studies, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, 27 October 2016, P305
سوزان بكري حسن، فاروق عطا الله، السياحة البيئية (قضايا- سياسات- خطط وبرامج)، 2009، ص 25
World Tourism Organization Sustainable Development of Tourism,
http://sdt.unwto.org/en/content/ecotourism-and-protected-areas, accessed 18/06/2017
Björn Eriksson, Fins, gills and fishermen The socio-economic impacts of marine conservation in southern Indonesia, Master thesis in Sustainable Development 291, Uppsala University, 2016, p01
Emilie Reuchlin-Hugenholtz & Emily Mckenzie, Marine Protected Areas Smart Investments
In Ocean Health, World Wide Fund For Nature, Gland, Switzerland, May 2015, P05
A. T. White et al, Marine Protected Areas in the Coral Triangle:
Progress, Issues, and Options , Coastal Management, 2014, p88
Emilie Reuchlin-Hugenholtz & Emily Mckenzie, Op Cit : p08-09
أكرم عاطف رواشده، السياحة البيئية " الأسس والمرتكزات"، دار الراية، الطبعة الأولى، 2009، ص133
Asian Development Bank, Regional state of the Coral Triangle—Coral Triangle marine resources: Their status, economies, and management, Philippines, 2014, P01
The Coral Triangle Initiative On Coral Reefs, Fisheries And Food Security
Sara Martin, Marine Protected Areas In Solomon Islands: Establishment, Challenges, And Lessons Learned In Western Province, The Coral Triangle Initiative on Corals, Fisheries and Food Security (CTI-CFF), May 2013, p07
Coral triangle center, 2016 annual report, P06
Coral Reef Rehabilitation, Tourism Development Supporting Biodiversity Conservation In Pangandaran Indonesia, Report On Artificial Coral Reef Construction, P05-06
Hoegh-Guldberg et al, The Coral Triangle And Climate Change: Ecosystems, People And Societies At Risk, WWF Australia, Brisbane, 2009, P20
Alice Crabtree, Coastal/Marine Tourism Trends in the Coral Triangle and Strategies for Sustainable Development Interventions, Prepared for: Marine Program World Wildlife Fund Washington, DC, November 2007, P17
Hoegh-Guldberg et al , Op Cit : P29
World's Largest Shark Sanctuary Established in the Coral Triangle (Environment Alert), November 23, 2010 http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2010/11/worlds-largest-shark-sanctuary-established-in-the-coral-triangle.html
Lauretta Burke et al, Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle, World Resources Institute, 2012, P01
Tourism And The Coral Triangle, January 20, 2017,
https://publicpolicyindonesia.wordpress.com/2017/01/20/tourism-and-the-coral-triangle/
يضم إقليم آسيا المحيط الهادي كل من شرق آسيا، جنوب آسيا، جنوب شرق آسيا وأوقيانوسيا
Sustainable Nature-based Tourism in the Coral Triangle :Tourism Investment Opportunities , CTI, Australian Aid, WWF, p29
Published
2021-03-06
Section
Articles
