Dirassat Journal Economic Issue

The Interaction between Economic Diversification and Macroeconomic Stability in Iraq: An Econometric Study for the Period 2004-2022

Jenan Saleem Helall — 2025-01-30

Economic diversification is a double-edged sword. The statistical program has proven the possibility of achieving diversification for the Iraqi economy and obtaining stability for these variables, as the dependent variables represented by the growth rate of the gross domestic product (X1), unemployment (X2) and inflation (X3), with a slower time period of one year for each of them, gave an explanatory power represented by (79%) for X1, (72.6%) for X2 and (77.2%) for X3, respectively. The estimated parameters also explained the possibility of achieving an increase in the growth rate of the gross domestic product by (0.2%) in the event of achieving diversity. As for the inflation rate, the parameter sign appeared negative, indicating the negative relationship between the rate of economic diversity at the level of the economy as a whole, which can create stability in the price rate. According to the concept of the economic equivalence theory, any increase in the rate of the gross domestic product as a result of the economic diversity of the marginalized economic sectors is likely to create a positive effect on reducing unemployment rates. Therefore, the parameter of the third variable appeared negative, decreasing by (0.2%) with each increase in the diversity of the productive sectors

Studying the Contribution of Digitization in Developing the Decision-Making Process in Hospital Institutions Using Amos Modeling A Field Study of a Sample of M'Sila Hospital Employees

Noureddine Asli — 2025-01-30

This study aims to identify the extent to which the digitization of the health sector is applied to the decision-making process in hospital institutions, with requirements as an intervening variable. The descriptive approach was used, and the questionnaire was used to collect data and then analyze it using SPSS and Amos. The results showed that there is a statistically significant indirect effect of digitization on the decision-making process, with the mediator being the availability of requirements. One of the most important proposals presented is the need to focus on completing the digitization project and providing its requirements to rationalize the decision-making process in hospital institutions.

The impact of currency devaluation policy on the non-hydrocarbon export sector in Algeria.

Hasna Abdelbaki — 2025-01-30

This study seeks to examine the effects of local currency devaluation policies on Algeria’s non-hydrocarbon export sector, as one of the monetary policies employed by Algeria to mitigate budget deficits and compensate for revenue losses following oil crises. The analysis draws on annual data covering local currency exchange rates and non-hydrocarbon exports from 1994 to 2023. Econometric methods, including stationarity tests, were applied to ensure data accuracy and to understand the stability of variables over time. A cointegration test was also conducted to examine whether a long-term relationship exists between the variables, revealing no such relationship. Consequently, the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was used to further analyze the dynamic interactions between variables. Results indicate no statistically significant impact of local currency devaluation on non-hydrocarbon exports, highlighting a weak correlation between monetary policies and non-hydrocarbon export performance. These findings provide critical insights for Algerian policymakers, emphasizing the need to consider additional factors that may influence this vital sector outside of traditional monetary policy approaches.

Why Startups Fail: An Exploratory and Analytical Study

Abdelhak BADA — 2025-01-30

This research aims to explore the reasons behind startup failures by reviewing founders' reports post-closure. To achieve this, the analytical method was adopted. The study concluded that startups often fail within the first few years due to a range of factors and challenges, including: offering a product or service that does not solve a market problem, running out of money and lack of funding, an unsuitable team, strong competition, cost and pricing issues, a poor business model, weak marketing and customer engagement, conflicts between founders, delays in keeping up with technology, lack of experience and passion, poor geographic location selection, legal challenges, delayed pivoting, incorrect pivoting, and lack of perseverance.

The Causal Relationship Between the Exchange Rate and the Inflation Rate in Algeria During the Period 1990-2023

Amel Touer — 2025-01-30

This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between the exchange rate and the inflation rate in Algeria, during the period extending from 1990-2023, using the VAR model, the short-term Granger causality test, and the Toda Yamamoto test in the long term. The results of the study concluded that there is a single causal relationship from the exchange rate. To the inflation rate in the short term and its sustainability in the long term. This result is consistent with economic theory, which indicates that high inflation rates were mainly caused by the decline in the value of the currency.

An Analytical Study of The Reality of Economic Diversification in Algeria During the Period (2010-2023)

Imene SOUAHLIA — 2025-01-30

This research aims to diagnose the reality of economic diversification in Algeria as a country that heavily relies on oil rent revenues. In our study, we addressed the concept of economic diversification and its forms, as well as reviewed the requirements for activating the economic diversification policy. We reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the economic diversification policies that Algeria has adopted have achieved relative success despite the weak growth in economic indicators. To achieve real and sustainable diversification, it is necessary to support economic structural reforms, in order to build and establish new industries in various sectors with economic value. The study also recommended the need to diversify exports of goods, diversify sources of revenue, and reduce reliance on financing through oil royalties.

Challenges of the training function in the promotion of human resources In Algerian public banks

Tayeb AMARA — 2025-01-30

The importance of the study in highlighting the function of training is evident in being the basis of excellence, and confirm the ability to keep pace with challenges and even overcome them in an industry laboratory Human resources in Algerian public banks. For this, the training function had to ensure the immediate and future results adopted in global policies. The process of polling the opinions of a sample consisting of (107) central and regional frameworks specialized in human resources management, and the outputs of the statistical program (SPSS). V.21), there is a statistically significant relationship between the training function and the expected return of human resources, without statistically significant differences on the extent of the commitment of the directors of training centers to apply curricula that enhance the status of the training function, due to the factors of professional qualification, academic qualification, current position, seniority.

Do Broadband Usage and Telecommunications Competition Support Employment and Poverty Reduction Efforts? Arab and EU Comparison

Mohammad Ahmad Almomani — 2025-01-30

This study aims to measure the impact of using fixed and mobile broadband telecommunications services on employment and poverty reduction, the study uses the actual volume of data used to measure the broadband usage and the ICT regulatory tracker index as a proxy to measure the competition level in telecommunications sector. The study used two econometric models, the first one to measure the impact on employment and the second to measure the impact on poverty reduction, and were applied to two groups of samples: Group 1 represents EU countries, and Group 2 represents Arab countries; a generalized least squares method is used to estimate the model’s parameters. The results show that using broadband services has positive and significant impacts on employment and poverty reduction in both groups, but the effect in EU countries was higher than in Arab. Competition level in the telecommunications sector has a contradicted and inconclusive impact on both groups. Based on the results, the study recommends adopting policies that may enhance fixed and broadband usage. Such as actions to be taken with regard to universal service policies and national broadband plans.

The Possibility of Measuring the Social Performance of Economic Enterprises and its Impact on Financial Reporting - A Case Study of the SAIDAL Group for the Period (2020-2023)

Mohammed Alaeddin DJENNAI — 2025-01-30

This study aims to review a conceptual framework for measuring social performance. In addition to providing models of some contributions to social measurement, which has become one of the requirements of integrated financial reporting that combines financial and non-financial information. We conducted a field study in the SAIDAL Group, where we studied the reality of social responsibility in the Group and then tried to study it according to a number of proposed models. The study found that the measurement of social performance is difficult to critically assess due to a number of difficulties, most notably: the absence of binding legal legislation on the measurement of social responsibility, and the absence of standards and guidelines that clearly define social measurement methods.

Orientation Towards Agile Leadership for Coaches to Enhance the Culture of Entrepreneurship Among Business Incubator’s Students at Laghouat University.

Hadjer Linani — 2025-01-30

This study aimed to define the extent to which coaches are characterized with agile leadership and their impact in enhancing the entrepreneurship culture among business incubator's students at Laghouat University. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was designed to collect data the study sample, which was 60% out of 60 students of the business incubator at Laghouat University, which presented in 36 students. The method used was the structural equations modeling by Smart-pls 4 software and SPSS 23. Findings indicate that there is no direct impact for agile leadership in enhancing the entrepreneurship culture among business incubator's students at Laghouat University. Also, there is no direct impact of the dimensions of agile leadership (humbleness, tranquility, wisdom and objectivity, patience, and trust) in enhancing the entrepreneurship culture among students. Thus, there are no differences in the impact of agile leadership in enhancing the entrepreneurial culture among students due to (Gender, age and educational level).

Digital Islamic Finance: A Gateway to Financial Inclusion - A Comparative Study Between Malaysia and Jordan-

Maroua Sakhri — 2025-01-30

This study aimed to highlight the role of digital Islamic finance in enhancing financial inclusion, particularly in Islamic countries, by addressing the concepts of digital Islamic finance and financial inclusion, it also emphasizes its importance in achieving sustainable development in light of a comparative analysis between the experiences of Malaysia and Jordan in this field. The study employs a descriptive-analytical method to collect and analyze data within the study framework and a comparative method to compare the application of digital Islamic finance and financial inclusion in two Islamic countries.

The study concludes that digital Islamic finance effectively promotes financial inclusion by providing innovative, Sharia-compliant financial solutions, such as digital banking services. These solutions enable underserved populations and remote areas to access safe and reliable financial services, enhancing their participation in the financial system and contributing to social justice and sustainable development. Despite the challenges facing this sector, there are significant opportunities to overcome them and maximize its potential.

The Reality of the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the University Environment (an Analytical Study)

Mohamed Rafik Bouderbala — 2025-01-30

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify the reality of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, especially within the university environment in Algeria, and to assess its performance through some global entrepreneurship indicators. Additionally, it examined the role of universities in fostering entrepreneurs and addressing the challenges faced by both the entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Research and development play a crucial role in advancing to higher levels of technology and digitization in providing goods and services innovatively.

Political factors also play a critical role in stimulating the business environment and supporting entrepreneurs in establishing more startups and small to medium-sized enterprises.

The importance of this role is reflected in the clarity of the political vision of governments. Government policies aimed at supporting entrepreneurs and innovators are fundamental in stimulating startup projects