Performance of coconut shell ash and palm kernel shell ash as partial replacement for cement in concrete
Abstract
High cost of cement used as binder in the production of concrete has led to a search for alternative. Using a mix design ratio of 1:2:4 and water binder ratio of 0.63, concrete cubes were casted using varying ordinary Portland cement (OPC): palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC): coconut shell ash (CSA) ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 , 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. This research reveal that partial replacement of cement with 20% PKSA and CSA in concrete gives an average optimum compressive strength of 15.4 N/mm2 and 17.26 N/mm2 respectively at 28 days. While, the optimum value of compressive strength obtained at 28 days is 20.58 N/mm2 at 10% replacement with CSA. The value obtained is suitable for both light weight and heavy weight concrete respectively. Thus, the research show that the use of PKSA and CSA as a partial replacement for cement in concrete, at lower volume of replacement, will enhance the reduction of cement usage in concretes, thereby reducing the production cost and the environmental pollution caused by the dumping of the agricultural waste.
References
Abiola OM. (2006). Characteristics of palm kernel shells powder as additive in sandcrete. Transaction of the Nigeria Society of Engineers, 2(1), 21-32.
Aragbaiye BA. (2007). Palm kernel shell as composite material in concrete. Unpublished B. Eng project report. Dept of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 25-31.
Falade F (1995). An investigation of periwinkle shells as coarse aggregate in concrete. Building and Environment, 30(4), 573-577.
Falade F, Ikponmwosa EE and Ojediran NI. (2010). Behaviour of lightweight concrete containing periwinkle shell at elevated temperature. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 5(4), 379-390.
Ndoke PN (2006). Performance of palm kernel shells as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in asphalt concrete. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 5(9), 145-152.
Nimityongskul P and Daladar TU. (1995). Use of coconut husk ash, corn cob ash and peanut shell ash as cement replacement. Journal of ferrocement, 25(1), 35-44.
Olanipekun E, Olusola K and Ata O. (2006). A comparative study of concrete properties using coconut shell and palm kernel shell as coarse aggregates. Building and Environment, 41(3), 297-301.
Olutoge F. (2010). Investigations on sawdust and palm kernel shells as aggregate replacement. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(4), 7-13.
Osayemwen EO. (1992). An investigation of the characteristics of lightweight concrete made of periwinkle shells, palm kernel shells, sand and sawdust as aggregates. Unpublished M.Sc. Dissertation. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Lagos. Nigeria.
Osarenmwinda J and Awaro A. (2009). The potential use of periwinkle shell as coarse aggregate for concrete. Advanced Materials Research, 62, 39-43.
Rigid Pavement Design Manual (2009). Published by Florida Department of Transportation. Pavement Management Office, 2(0).
Slim JA and Wakefield RW. (1991). The utilisation of sewage sludge in the manufacture of clay bricks. Water S. A., 17(3), 197-202.
Vishwas PK and Sanjay KBG (2013). Comparative study on coconut shell aggregate with conventional concrete. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 2(12), 67-70.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
