Development of Materials Based on PET-Siliceous Sand Composite Aggregates
Abstract
Plastic waste recycling for the development of new building materials, such as cementitious composites, appears to be one of the best solutions to get rid of this type of waste. This operation has many economic and ecological advantages. The present study proposes some solutions for the recovery of plastic waste from PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles in order to obtain, after heat treatment at 290 °C followed by step cooling, a light composite material (PET-siliceous sand) with a hardness close to that of natural rock. The structure of the material obtained is characterized first; then the effect of this composite, with different substitution rates of natural aggregate, on the behavior of an industrial screed is studied. Afterwards, some specific recommendations for the uses of this screed, and possibly of the composite itself, are given. Although the main effects of certain polymeric additives on the mechanical properties of mortars are known, the mechanisms that are responsible for these effects are not yet well understood. Techniques such FTIR, XRD, SEM and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are analytical tools that can be used for the characterization and expertise of this type of composites, particularly the industrial composite screeds. Results from the present article enabled us to state that the composition of the materials obtained remains qualitatively unchanged and that no chemical interaction was observed between the mineral species and the waste PET lightweight aggregate (WPLA) or the composite itself; in fact, no new compounds were formed. In addition, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique allowed us to conclude that the addition of WPLA has an influence on cement hydration. The thermo-mechanical characterization of WPLA made it possible to observe an excellent arrangement between the PET and siliceous sand. Therefore, the development of WPLA may be another solution for a number of applications in the field of eco-materials for construction and building.
References
Akçaözoğlu, S., Akçaözoğlu, K., & Atiş, C.D. (2013). Thermal conductivity, compressive strength and ultrasonic wave velocity of cementitious composite containing waste PET lightweight aggregate (WPLA). Composites: Part B, 45, 721–726.
Alfahdawi, I.H., Osman, S.A., Hamid, R., &. Al-Hadithi, A.I., (2016). Utilizing waste plastic polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate as alternative aggregates to produce lightweight concrete: a review. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 11(8) 1165-1173.
Alqahtani, F.K., Ghataora, G., Khan, M.I., & Dirar, S. (2017). Novel lightweight concrete containing manufactured plastic aggregate, Construction and Building Materials, 148, 386–397.
Alqahtani, F.K., Khan, M.I., & Ghataora G. (2014). King Saud University, Synthetic aggregate for use in concrete. U.S. Patent 8, 921, 463. https://www.google.com/patents/US8921463
ASTM C109/C109M. (2011). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens), ASTM, Philadelphia, United States.
ASTM C1437-01. (2001). Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar, ASTM, Philadelphia, United States.
ASTM C511-06. (2006). Standard Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes, ASTM, Philadelphia, United States.
Benosman, A.S, Mouli, M., Taibi, H., Belbachir, M., Senhadji, Y., Behlouli, I., & Houivet, D. (2012). Mineralogical study of Polymer-Mortar Composites with PET polymer by means of spectroscopic analyses. Materials Sciences and Applications, 3(3), 139-150.
Benosman, A.S., Taïbi, H., & Mouli, M. (2016). Performances Mécaniques et Durabilité des Composites Mortier-PET, Recherche et Développement dans la Revalorisation et l’Application des Déchets du PET en Génie Civil. Maison d’édition : Editions universitaires européennes EUE.
Choi, YW., Moon, DJ., Chung, JS., & Cho, SK. (2005). Effects of waste PET bottles aggregate on the properties of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 776-781.
Choi, YW., Moon, DJ., Kim, YJ., & Lachemi, M. (2009). Characteristics of mortar and concrete containing fine aggregate manufactured from recycled waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 2829-2835.
Fiches Techniques, G11. (2013). Les bétons : formulation, fabrication et mise en oeuvre, ed, Collection technique CIMbéton, T.2, Chap.1. pp. 22-25.
Gouasmi, M.T., Benosman, A.S., Taibi, H., & Belbachir, M., & Senhadji Y. (2015b). Effect of a Composite Aggregate on the Durability of Mortars. Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research, 3, 26–31.
Gouasmi, M.T., Benosman, A.S., Taïbi, H., Belbachir, M., & Senhadji Y. (2016). The physico-thermal properties of mortars made of composite aggregates "PET- siliceous sand". Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 7(2), 409-415.
Gouasmi, M.T., Benosman, A.S., Taïbi, H., Belbachir, M., Senhadji, Y., & Mouli, M. (2015a). Application des Agrégats Composites Légers dans les Mortiers : Cas d’une Chape Industrielle. In Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium CIMDD’2015, University M’hamed Bougara Boumerdes, Algeria (9-10 Nov.), (ISBN: 978-9931-9090-6-2).
Gouasmi, M.T., Benosman, A.S., Taïbi, H., Kazi Tani, N., & Belbachir, M. (2017). Destructive and Non-destructive testing of an industrial screed mortar made with lightweight composite aggregates WPLA. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 33, 140-158.
Gu, L., Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2016). Use of recycled plastics in concrete: A critical review. Waste Management, 51, 19-42.
Kameche, Z.A., Kazi Aoual, F., Semcha, A., & Belhadji M. (2009). Effets des hautes températures sur le comportement du béton: application au revêtement des tunnels. In the Proceedings of the 1st International Conference SBEIDCO, 1, 199, ENPO Oran, Algeria, (12-14 Oct.). (ISSN 2170-0095).
NF EN 196-1. (2005). Methods of testing cement - Part 1: determination of strength, CEN.
Norme NF T01-021. (1974). Analyse thermique: Vocabulaire - Présentation des résultats, décembre.
Platret, G., & Deloye, F.X. (1994). Thermogravimétrie et carbonatation des ciments et des bétons, Acte des Journées des Sciences de l’Ingénieur. 1, 273, Giens, France (4-7 Octobre).
Silva, D.A., Roman, H.R., & Gleize, P.J.P. (2002). Evidences of chemical interaction between EVA and hydrating Portland cement. Cement and Concrete Research, 32, 9, 1383-1390.
Zuccheratte, A.C.V., Freire, C.B., & Lameiras, F.S. (2017). Synthetic gravel for concrete obtained from sandy iron ore tailing and recycled polyethyltherephtalate. Construction and Building Materials, 151, 859-865.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
