Mechanical Strength and Characteristics of Spent Foundry Admixed Concrete

  • Augustine Uchechukwu Elinwa Civil Engineering Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Keywords: Spent foundry sand, Gum Arabic, Compressive strength, Statistical analysis, XRD and SEM analysis

Abstract

This work is on the experimental study of the effects of spent foundry sand (SFS) and gum Arabic (GA) on concrete properties using a concrete mix proportion of 1: 1.7: 2.6 and a cement content of 357 kg/m3, water-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.5, and a GA dosage of 0.5 %. Six (6) levels of SFS replacements of 10 to 50 % were used and compared with the control concrete containing no SFS with and without 0.5 % GA. Analysis on the mechanical strength was performed using Minitab 18 Software. Also investigated were the hydration products using the XRD and SEM methods of analysis on the crushed concrete samples at the maximum strength (10 %). Some of the results of the investigation are that SFS and GA are compatible and can produce good quality concrete based on the statistical, XRD and SEM analysis. The dominant mineral oxides are CA, Si, Ag, Fe, C, K and Al with a very strong presence of Ca for concrete samples with both SFS and GA. These mineral oxides may have played substantial roles in the modification of the concrete samples.

References

A. M. Saleh (2001). To obtain high-strength concrete and the resistance through the improvement of natural additions. Ph.D. dissertation, International University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia, 2001

Ahmad, J., Aslam, F., Zaid, O., Alyousef, R., & Alabduljabbar, H. (2021). Mechanical and durability characteristics of sustainable concrete modified with partial substitution of waste foundry sand. Structural Concrete, 22(5), 2775-2790.

Akhtar, M. N., Malkawi, D. A. H., Bani-Hani, K. A., & Malkawi, A. I. H. (2023). Durability assessment of sustainable mortar by incorporating the combination of solid wastes: an experimental study. Civil Engineering Journal, 9(11), 2770-2786.

Aubert, J. E., Husson, B., & Vaquier, A. (2004). Metallic aluminum in MSWI fly ash: quantification and influence on the properties of cement-based products. Waste Management, 24(6), 589-596.

Bilal, H.; Yaqub, M.; Rehman, S.K.U.; Abid, M.; Alyousef, R.; Alabduljabbar, H.; Aslam, F. Performance of Foundry Sand Concrete under Ambient and Elevated Temperatures. Materials 2019, 12, 2645. [CrossRef

Deng, A., & Tikalsky, P. J. (2008). Geotechnical and leaching properties of flowable fill incorporating waste foundry sand. Waste Management, 28(11), 2161-2170.

Desplanques, S., Renou, F., Grisel, M., & Malhiac, C. (2012). Impact of chemical composition of xanthan and acacia gums on the emulsification and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Food Hydrocolloids, 27(2), 401-410.

Desplanques, S., Renou, F., Grisel, M., & Malhiac, C. (2012). Impact of chemical composition of xanthan and acacia gums on the emulsification and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Food Hydrocolloids, 27(2), 401-410.

Elinwa A. U. (2022). Water absorption and density relations of gum Arabic-sawdust ash concrete. Int. Technology and Science Journal (ITSJ), 4, (1), 1-14.

Elinwa A. U. (2024). Spent Foundry Sand (SFS)-Gum Arabic Admixed Concrete: X-Ray Diffraction, Microstructure, Acid and Sulphate Analysis. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), 11, (8), 1653-1683.

Elinwa, A. U. (2014). Spent Foundry Sand as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in the Production of Concrete. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 11(5), 76-82.

Elinwa, A. U. (2021). Mechanical strengths of sawdust-ash-admixed gum arabic concrete. Journal of Modern Materials, 8(1), 12-29.

Elinwa, A. U., & Hazzard, M. A. (2017). Effects of gum Arabic admixture on the mechanical strengths of cement paste and concrete. Advancements in Materials, 1, 25-39.

Elinwa, A. U., & Kabir, N. (2019). Flexural Strength and Compressive Strength Relations of Spent Foundry Sand Concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 116(6).

Elinwa, A. U., & Umar, M. (2017). X-ray diffraction and microstructure studies of gum Arabic-cement concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 156, 632-638.

Elinwa, A. U., Abdulbasir, G., & Abdulkadir, G. (2018). Gum Arabic as an admixture for cement concrete production. Construction and Building Materials, 176, 201-212.

Elinwa, A., Maibulangu, M., Ogbo, I., & Salisu, A. (2021). Density and Mechanical Strength of Gum Arabic-Sawdust Ash Concrete. Available at SSRN 3780727, 14 pp.

Guney, Y., Sari, Y. D., Yalcin, M., Tuncan, A., & Donmez, S. (2010). Re-usage of waste foundry sand in high-strength concrete. Waste Management, 30(8-9), 1705-1713.

Guney, Y., Sari, Y. D., Yalcin, M., Tuncan, A., & Donmez, S. (2010). Re-usage of waste foundry sand in high-strength concrete. Waste Management, 30(8-9), 1705-1713.

Javed, S., Lovell, C. W., & Wood, L. E. (1994). Waste foundry sand in asphalt concrete. Transportation research record, (1437), pp. 27–34.

Kumar, K. A., Rajasekhar, K., & Sashidhar, C. (2022). Experimental research on the effects of waste foundry sand on the strength and micro-structural properties of concrete. Civil Engineering Journal, 8(10), 2172-2189.

Maaouia, O. B. (2018). Aptitude des granulats issus des bétons de déconstruction à la réutilisation, vis-à-vis du CrVI: Impact des propriétés de la matrice cimentaire et identification des mécanismes de relargage (Doctoral dissertation, Université Paris-Est). (accessed on 15 October 2021).

Macphee, D. E., & Glasser, F. P. (1993). Immobilization science of cement systems. MRS bulletin, 18(3), 66-71.

Mavroulidou, M., & Lawrence, D. (2019). Can waste foundry sand fully replace structural concrete sand?. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 21, 594-605.

Mbugua, R., Salim, R., & Ndambuki, J. (2016). Effect of gum Arabic karroo as a water-reducing admixture in concrete. Materials, 9(2), 80.

Mohamed, A. M., Osman, M. H., Smaoui, H., & Mohd Ariffin, M. A. (2018). Durability and microstructure properties of concrete with arabic gum biopolymer admixture. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2018(1), 1962832.

Müller, U., & Rübner, K. (2006). The microstructure of concrete made with municipal waste incinerator bottom ash as an aggregate component. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(8), 1434-1443.

Murat, M., & Sorrentino, F. (1996). Effect of large additions of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, to cement raw meal on the composition and the properties of the clinker and the cement. Cement and concrete research, 26(3), 377-385.

Olson S. (2024). Engineering the future for sustainability measuring and communicating our progress. Proceedings Of A Forum, National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

Paul, P., Belhaj, E., Diliberto, C., Apedo, K. L., & Feugeas, F. (2021). Comprehensive characterization of spent chemical foundry sand for use in concrete. Sustainability, 13(22), 12881.

Prasad, V. D., Prakash, E. L., Abishek, M., Dev, K. U., & Kiran, C. S. (2018). Study on concrete containing waste foundry sand, fly ash and polypropylene fibre using Taguchi method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(11), 23964-23973.

Prasad, V. D., Prakash, E. L., Abishek, M., Dev, K. U., & Kiran, C. S. (2018). Study on concrete containing waste foundry sand, fly ash and polypropylene fibre using Taguchi method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(11), 23964-23973.

Rashid, K., & Nazir, S. (2018). A sustainable approach to optimum utilization of used foundry sand in concrete. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 25(5), 927-937.

Raval A. D., Patel I. N., Pamnan A., & Kachwala A. I. (2015). Effect of Waste Foundry Sand as Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete. Int.J. of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2 (1), 19-22.

Renard, D., Lavenant-Gourgeon, L., Ralet, M. C., & Sanchez, C. (2006). Acacia s enegal gum: continuum of molecular species differing by their protein to sugar ratio, molecular weight, and charges. Biomacromolecules, 7(9), 2637-2649.

Santamaría, A., Orbe, A., Losañez, M. M., Skaf, M., Ortega-Lopez, V., & González, J. J. (2017). Self-compacting concrete incorporating electric arc-furnace steelmaking slag as aggregate. Materials & Design, 115, 179-193.

Siddique, R., Aggarwal, Y., Aggarwal, P., Kadri, E. H., & Bennacer, R. (2011). Strength, durability, and micro-structural properties of concrete made with used-foundry sand (UFS). Construction and Building Materials, 25(4), 1916-1925.

Siddique, R., De Schutter, G., & Noumowe, A. (2009). Effect of used-foundry sand on the mechanical properties of concrete. Construction and building materials, 23(2), 976-980.

Siddique, R., Kaur, G., & Rajor, A. (2010). Waste foundry sand and its leachate characteristics. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(12), 1027-1036.

Spitz, N., Coniglio, N., El Mansori, M., Montagne, A., & Mezghani, S. (2018). Quantitative and representative adherence assessment of coated and uncoated concrete-formwork. Surface and Coatings technology, 352, 247-256.

Sugumaran, B., & Neme, I. (2024). Effect of adsorption interactions of Arabic gum with cement. Materials Research Express, 11(6), 065503.

Yazoghli-Marzouk, O., Vulcano-Greullet, N., Cantegrit, L., Friteyre, L., & Jullien, A. (2014). Recycling foundry sand in road construction–field assessment. Construction and Building Materials, 61, 69-78.

Published
2025-06-30
How to Cite
Elinwa , A. U. (2025). Mechanical Strength and Characteristics of Spent Foundry Admixed Concrete. Journal of Building Materials and Structures, 12(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v12i1.4134
Section
Original Articles