Mechanical, Statistical, and Reliability Analysis of Sustainable Pervious Concrete Incorporating Calcium Carbide Waste and Broken Ceramic Tiles
Abstract
This study explores the development of sustainable pervious concrete by employing broken ceramic tiles (BCT) as a partial coarse aggregate replacement (7–20%) and calcium carbide waste (CCW) as a partial cement replacement (5–20%). The mechanical performance was assessed using tests for compressive and splitting tensile strength at 7 and 28 days. The correlation between these strengths was determined using statistical regression analysis. Additionally, a probabilistic reliability analysis was employed to assess the structural safety of the mixes in relation to a target strength of 15 MPa. The results show that while higher replacement levels considerably decrease strength because of increased porosity and reduced bonding, moderate replacement levels (5% CCW and 7% BCT) produce optimal mechanical performance. According to the results of the regression analysis, splitting tensile strength makes up around 5–6% of compressive strength at 28 days, and the relationship was statistically significant. Furthermore, the reliability analysis revealed that mixes with more than 15% combined replacement were unreliable, whereas the mix with 5% CCW and 7% BCT exhibits high structural reliability (β > 4.5). By confirming the complementary usage of CCW and BCT in pervious concrete, this study provides a risk-informed framework for producing sustainable mixtures that ensure both structural safety and environmental benefits.
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