DAIFFALLAH , A. 2024. The impact of the first crusade (488-492A.H/1095-1099A.D) on shaping the image of Islam and Muslims in the European West during the middel ages . Journal of Science and Knowledge Horizons. 4, 01 (Jun. 2024), 300-314. DOI:https://doi.org/10.34118/jskp.v4i01.3867.