Journal of Science and Knowledge Horizons

Analysis of Digital Gaps in the Development of E- government across Africa: A Comparative Study of Performance and Influencing Factors According to EGDI (2020-2022).

2025-12-27T08:57:54+00:00

This study aims to analyse the digital gaps in the development of e-government across African countries during the period 2020-2022, with a focus on factors that influence performance according to E-government Development Index (EGDI). The descriptive-analytical method was adopted. The analysis was based on data from the 2022 E-Government Survey, along with factors like digital infrastructure investment, digital education levels, and government policies. The study revealed significant variances in e- government across African countries. Some nations have made substantial progress, while others have faced challenges due to weak digital infrastructure and low levels of digital education. To enhance e- government and regional integration, the study recommends increasing investment in digital infrastructure and technological education.

Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Alterations in Language Function in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review of the Evidence

2025-12-27T08:57:55+00:00

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most common conditions that affects cognitive abilities and language, as it shows behavior is detached from reality, indication disturbance of cognition and language levels. Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a narrative review to investigate the profile of language alterations in comprehension and production and the cognitive mechanisms underlying these alterations. Method: A narrative review was conducted in 2024. Peer-reviewed studies published in databases related to language and neurocognition of patients with schizophrenia were selected for analysis. Results: Online databases were searched for key terms, and 20 articles were found. Articles were screened for inclusion and exclusion, and seven studies were included for analysis. Articles indicated that people with schizophrenia have language alterations in microstructures, especially grammatical deficits in receptive and expressive language, and macrostructures, a total deficit affecting pragmatics and linguistic context. Syntactic processing, executive functions, and theory of mind are underlying language alterations mechanisms. Conclusion: Language alterations include linguistic impairments at both micro- and macro-linguistic structures with syntactic processing and executive functions contributing as predictors.

Engineering a Distinguished Scientific Article That Can Be Published

2025-12-27T08:57:55+00:00

Writing a scientific article and effectively communicating its results through publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals is a fundamental and crucial requirement in the scientific research process and scholarly communication among researchers, distinguishing their work. The objective of delving into this topic is to guide researchers, especially beginners, towards a series of skills and basic standards in writing a high-quality scientific article and successfully publishing it to disseminate their findings to the academic community, especially since writing and publishing an article in high-quality scientific journals is challenging.

Therefore, this study focuses on the standards that should be considered in the writing, revision, and publication process, as they are widely accepted criteria across all disciplines. It is advisable for the article start with an attractive and engaging title and a concise abstract that accurately indexes it. It should be elegantly designed and logically organized following the IMRaD structure. Each part should be written in a scientific style and according to specific standards. The results should be explained with proper arguments in the discussion section, ensuring appropriate referencing to avoid exceeding the required similarity ratio. The language should be carefully proofread and thoroughly reviewed to meet formatting requirements of the target journal for publication.

Exam Anxiety Among Fourth-Year Middle School Students: A Field Study in One of the Middle Schools in the City of M’sila, Algeria

2025-12-27T08:57:56+00:00

The study aims to identify the level of exam anxiety experienced by fourth-year middleschool students, and to explore differences in anxiety levels based on gender.Gender (male and female). A descriptive method was employed in this study.

The Exam Anxiety Scale developed by Dr. OuizahSherikwas used to collect data. The sample included 61 students (23 males and 38 females) who were selected through purposeful sampling from one of the middle schools in the city of M'sila. Statistical treatments (mean, standard deviation and T-test) were employed via SPSS, revealing the following results:

- A high level of exam anxiety among fourth-year middle school students.

- Significant gender differences in exam anxiety levels favouring females.

- Significant differences in exam anxiety levels for repeaters.

The Optical Tricks Experience in virtual studios on the Algerian Television An Applied Approach

2025-12-27T08:57:56+00:00

The study focuses on the transition from traditional set design to the use of virtual studios and computer-generated decor. The research problem stems from the ongoing challenge of balancing rising production costs with the creative opportunities offered by virtual technologies. Despite remarkable technological progress, real shooting locations and physical sets continue to impose significant financial burdens on television institutions. This research aims to analyze how virtual studio and decor technologies enhance economic efficiency within television institutions. It also seeks to examine how Algerian television applies key economic and managerial principles, such as planning, organization, and budgeting, in adopting these technologies. Finally, the study proposes a strategic management framework designed to improve audiovisual production processes through the effective integration of virtual technologies

Women as Religious Authorities in Islam.

2025-12-27T11:22:58+00:00

Although the history of Islam includes numerous examples of women transmitting hadith, writing authoritative scholarly commentaries on the Qur’an and religious law, and issuing fatwas, the historical role of women as religious authorities is in general little acknowledged and women rarely perform such actions today. Most Muslim countries, including those in the Middle East, do not allow women to serve as judges in Islamic courts. Likewise, only few congregations would turn to women for advice on matters of Islamic law, or invite women to lead prayer, or deliver the sermon (khutba). For decades, Sudan and Indonesia were the only countries that permitted female judges to render decisions on the basis of the Qur’an and hadiths (which is usually conceived as a male prerogative only). And only recently have religious seminaries in Turkey, Morocco, Iran, and pre-war Syria opened their highest degree programs to women, thus enabling women to develop the expertise in Islamic law required to issue fatwas.

Using Facebook Groups as an E-learning Platform: A New Form of Collaborative Learning for Algerian University Students

2025-12-27T08:57:56+00:00

The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the shift to online learning in Algerian universities, exposing both the potential and limitations of officially adopted Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Moodle. This study investigates why university students preferred Facebook groups over university LMS platforms as e-learning tools during the pandemic. Employing an online questionnaire administered to 41 students from three Algerian universities, the research reveals that while 82.5% of students were aware of their university’s LMS, only 17% actively used it compared to 78% who frequently relied on Facebook groups. Facebook’s user-friendly interface, rapid teacher responsiveness (80.48% reported receiving teacher feedback), and facilitation of collaborative learning through shared resources and collective exam preparation (82.92%) made it the preferred platform. In contrast, the university LMS showed low utilization of interactive features such as forums and chatrooms, primarily due to limited accessibility and under-engagement by instructors. The study highlights the urgent need for enhanced training and support to optimize LMS efficacy while recognizing the complementary role of social media in fostering collaborative e-learning

The Civilizational Dimensions of Elite Sports and Their Role in Promoting Shared Human Values - Environmental Values as a Model

2025-12-27T11:49:07+00:00

The environment is considered one of the most important civilizational and humanitarian issues of shared concern in the modern era by states, institutions, and international organizations, regardless of their orientations and fields of activity. Sport, as one aspect of human activity, enjoys wide interest and great popularity among various age groups, categories, and levels. It is therefore one of the most significant domains focusing on promoting and exporting environmental values and encouraging their preservation as a shared living environment. Sport also has a considerable impact on local activities as well as on continental and international events and championships. Through this theoretical study, we aim to shed light on the role that sport plays at different levels, in various activities, gatherings, championships, and sports federations in promoting shared environmental values.

The Innocence of a Young Man with Down Syndrome versus the Barbarity of the Zionist Entity: Visual Crimes through the Lens of International Covenants and Laws

2025-12-27T08:57:56+00:00

The paper discusses the visualization of young man from Palestine, Mohammad Bahar, an individual with Down syndrome who became a victim when the Zionist entity attacked Gaza. The article aims to reveal the explicit (denotative) and implicit (connotative) meaning, which is in the chosen AI-generated image, emphasizing their purpose as visual witnesses to events that are simulated, and go beyond the textual description. This study adopts the semiotic framework by Roland Barthes to examine how the visual signs create multiple layers of meaning and how these layers interact with the international humanitarian law and conventions regarding the protection of civilians, especially persons with disabilities. The findings indicate that the visual crimes committed by the occupation are not only blatant crimes against international treaties but also produce symbolic and cultural codes that make the whole world aware of the horrors that vulnerable groups experience. This interdisciplinary method highlights the strength of images as shaping the opinions of people and shows that the discourse of visual images can be used as potential evidence to systematic human rights violation.

The impact of digitization on the Algerian university's openness to its socio-economic environment _The Innovative Projects Monitoring System platform as a model

2025-12-27T08:57:56+00:00

This study aims to examine the realities and challenges of the digital transformation adopted by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research across its various university institutions by focusing on the contribution of the Innovative Projects Monitoring System platform in promoting an entrepreneurial culture among students. It also aims to assess the responsiveness of the Algerian society in general, and students in particular, to this new culture. The study concluded with a set of findings, foremost of which is that the Innovative Projects Monitoring System platform has contributed to spreading the entrepreneurial culture among university students. Additionally, the platform undertakes several tasks aimed at enhancing the students' knowledge level in the field of entrepreneurship.

The repute of recreational sports activity in Islam Implications from the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

This studies aims to explore the importance of leisure sports activities exercise in Islam, uncover its virtues, significance, and the varieties of sports accredited by Islam. This exploration is based totally on the noble Qur'anic verses and the honorable Prophetic Hadiths, which include the observe of: racing or running, archery, swimming, and equestrian sports (horseback using), and the way those practices adhere to the legal constraints installed by using Islam. The key findings of this have a look at screen that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) valued leisure sports activities exercise, authorized its engagement, and endorsed schooling in numerous types of sports activities, consequently raising their importance. Additionally, sports were held in high esteem in the Islamic community. It has been hooked up that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in my opinion engaged in sports activities sports and organized races to beautify humans's motivation closer to working towards sports activities and getting to know its capabilities

The Objective of Monetary Stability: Its Impact on the Contemporary Islamic Capital Market and the Requirements for Its Consolidation

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

This research explores the concept of "the objective of monetary stability," providing Islamic legal evidence supporting it and demonstrating that this objective is central to the success and development of the contemporary Islamic capital market. The study also identifies the goals of embedding this objective in the contemporary Islamic capital market, highlighting its importance and proposing the necessary requirements and means to achieve it. The researcher concludes that the objectives and purposes of achieving monetary stability in the contemporary Islamic capital market include: stabilizing financial transactions, reducing disputes and conflicts, building trust among members of society, and eliminating usury (riba) and transactions that contradict Islamic law. The importance of realizing this objective lies in the success of Islamic finance, economic development, reduction of dependency, and eradication of financial crises. The requirements for achieving this goal are categorized into organizational and legal requirements, behavioral and media-related requirements, as well as educational and value-based requirements

Internal Prose Contestations in the 5th-century AH Andalusia: Between Innovation and Imitation

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

This article explores the concept of prose contestations, their origins, development, and importance in Andalusian literature, while attempting to shed light on the areas of innovation and creativity in them, as well as to prove the worthiness of the subsequent text, which may equal the previous text in its artistic value or may surpass it at times, since the real objective of contestation is not limited to imitation, but to expansion and refinement. Prose contestations contributed to the prosperity of artistic prose in the 5^th century AH in Andalusia. Among the aspects of this innovation are the contestations of Al-Zahriyat, Al-Matariyat, Al-Zarzuriyyat, and Al-Mu’tadhdiyat, in which the Andalusian prose writer set out in his creativity from nature, the disordered political conditions in Andalusia.

Angelika Neuwirth and Contemporary Qur’anic Studies: A Critical Analytical Reading of Context, Method, and Impact

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

This study presents a critical analytical reading of the work of German scholar "Angelika Neuwirth" in the field of Qur’anic studies. It examines her methodology, which combines rhetorical analysis of the Qur’anic text with its historical and cultural setting in Late Antiquity. The paper evaluates the coherence of Neuwirth’s approach within academic standards, explores its impact on modern Islamic thought and Qur’anic interpretation, and addresses the major critiques leveled against her from both Islamic and Western perspectives. The study argues for the necessity of an integrative hermeneutic that respects the sacred nature of the Qur’an while engaging with rigorous scholarly tools. A comparative analytical table is also provided to synthesize Neuwirth’s core ideas and their reception in diverse intellectual contexts.

Dictatorship, Necropolitics, and the Collapse of Resistance in La Vie et demie by Sony Labou Tansi

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

This paper explores the strategic deployment of violence by the Guide Providentiel in La Vie et demie by Sony Labou Tansi, revealing how authoritarian regimes weaponize cruelty to dominate, silence dissent, and psychologically dismantle resistance. Drawing on Achille Mbembe’s concept of “necropolitics,” the analysis shows how the Guide transforms his state into a theatre of horror, where ritualized executions, mutilations, and grotesque spectacles become tools for political control. The novel’s depiction of torture, including the use of eating utensils to dismember bodies and force victims’ children to consume human flesh, reflects a deliberate aestheticization of violence intended to break not only bodies but spirits. The Guide’s totalitarian cruelty is also intergenerational: he eliminates the children of revolutionaries to prevent future resistance. However, the narrative reveals the limits of violence; figures like Chaïdana resist intellectually and symbolically, undermining the Guide’s authority through subversive acts. The study draws on scholarly works by Mbembe, Sepas, Diop, MacLeod, and Mahala to frame Tansi’s portrayal of sovereignty, suffering, and absurdity within postcolonial African contexts. It also considers the ghostly return of Martial and Chaïdana’s revolutionary sabotage to argue that while violence may suppress the body, it cannot eliminate the will to resist. The Guide’s failure to achieve total domination underscores the resilience of oppressed voices and highlights how violence, when pushed to its extremes, becomes self-defeating

Modeling the Relationship between E-Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of Al Salam Algeria Bank

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

The domain of financial technology has witnessed a significant evolution towards digitization, propelled by groundbreaking advancements in information and communications technology. Financial entities have transitioned from conventional operational frameworks to embrace digital innovations extensively. This research delves into the ramifications of electronic service quality on customer satisfaction at Bank El Salam in Algeria. Employing a methodological approach, the study distributed questionnaires to a sample of 60 clients and analyzed the data utilizing SPSS software version 22. The findings reveal that electronic service quality exerts a substantial and statistically significant impact on customer satisfaction, which is predicated upon three pivotal determinants: customer expectations, perceived performance, and the extent of promise fulfillment at Bank El Salam Algeria.

The Algerian Legislator's Strategy in Addressing Cyber Crimes That Threaten Its Cyber Security

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

This study aims to explore the importance of the strategy developed by the Algerian legislator to confront cyber crimes that threaten its cyber Security.

Thèse crimes have had significant repercussions on national security, as Algeria's strategic location renders it an open area for various directions and a vital hub in the Maghreb, Mediterranean, and Africa. This situation has led to numerous breaches and espionage, affecting the safety of individuals, making their lives and privacy vulnerable to extortion, whether they are officials or ordinary citizens. Furthermore, espionage and threats have not spared governmental, security, and military institutions in the country, prompting urgent calls for the re-establishment of technical barriers to prevent these violations and attacks that impact national security. Therefore, we pose the following question: What is the legal strategy devised by the Algerian legislator to address the threats and risks of cybercrimes?

the National platform for theses: How to promote Algerian dissertation fund

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

This study deals with digital academic platforms and their role in promoting Algerian grey literature. The Research Centre for Scientific and Technical Information (CERIST) has developed the National theses platform. It’s a national reservoir that allows the collection of the huge amount of theses that are discussed annually in Algerian universities. This paper helps to understand the role of this this digital platform in the management, visibility and protection of Algerian grey literature. To conduct this study, we chose to use a descriptive-analytical approach. It allowed us to know how the platform is managed and the actors involved in it. It has played an effective role in promoting Algerian theses and protecting it from plagiarism. The efforts of all parties and the joint cooperation between CERIST and Algerian academic institutions should be combined in order to notify all topics in progress and deposit all defended theses without exception at the level of the platform.

Occupational therapy Approaches for sensory integration in autism spectrum disorder: scoping review

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

Sensory treatment for children on the autism spectrum is one of the most prominent thorny topics that studies in all its forms have dealt with. Reliance was placed on presenting the latest theories that dealt with this topic, and what therapists have provided from 2014 to 2023 for children with their various types. The work aims to examine the sensory patterns and processing systems in children, and was completed. Treatment through a literary review of relevant literature from 2014 to 2023 through a database of databases published online in this field (PubMed, Eric, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus). (16) studies were extracted from Among them is one study in Arabic that was translated into English.

Following the submission, the inclusion criteria for 16 studies were analysed. The search was conducted by combining the keywords (autism), (sensory processing) (sensory processing disorder), and the results showed that children with autism show atypical sensory processing more than children who typically develop. natural.

The Legal Implications of the Right to Retention: A Comparative Study of Creditor Protection in Civil Law Systems

2025-12-27T08:57:57+00:00

This paper aims at explaining the concept of the right to retention as a legal device for the protection of creditors, as a tool for safeguarding creditors and ensuring payment security. Highlighted are its benefits in protecting creditor rights by comparing its utilization in frameworks such as the Algerian, French and Egyptian Civil Codes. The study explores the prerequisites for invoking this right. How it proves advantageous. Case studies, from sales, easements and deposits demonstrate applications of the right to retention to ensure payment and asset protection. The paper also discusses how the right to retention stacks up, against ways creditors protect themselves like mortgages and pledges by pointing out its simplicity and direct use but also mentioning its limitations well. Ultimately though when you compare these methods you see that while the right to retention has its perks it works best in situations where ownership of property is crucial, to the creditors case.

pronominal reference and its role in enhancing the cohesion of Surah Saba

2025-12-27T08:57:58+00:00

Textual cohesion is considered one of the most prominent Issues addressed by text linguistics, due to Its significance in revealing the interconnectedness and internal harmony of a text's elements. Pronominal reference is one of the linguistic phenomena that effectively contribute to achieving this cohesion, as It is relied upon to link sentences and Ideas, avoid excessive repetition, and direct the reader’s mind toward a specific referent within the context. This research aims to study pronominal reference In Surah Saba and highlight its role and Importance in enhancing the cohesion of the Quranic text. It focuses on analyzing how pronouns—whether attached or detached—are employed to link linguistic elements and various topics within the Surah, by referring to persons, concepts, or objects mentioned earlier in the context, thus contributing to reducing redundancy and achieving fluency of expression. This study adopts the descriptive-analytical method, based on the analysis of Quranic examples and the extrapolation of patterns of pronominal reference in Surah Saba to uncover their role In achieving textual cohesion.

Adolescent Health and Menstrual Well-Being: Insights from School Students in West Bengal, India

2025-12-27T08:57:58+00:00

India has 253 million adolescents aged 10–19 years, representing nearly 21% of its population. The health and well-being of this group have a significant influence on the nation’s morbidity, mortality, and demographic trends. Menstrual health remains a critical issue, as studies have reported that one in four schoolgirls in India miss classes during menstruation due to inadequate gender-sensitive toilets and limited access to sanitary products (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine & UNICEF, 2014–15). This study aimed to examine menstrual health management practices and awareness among adolescent schoolgirls, while also assessing school-level water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in two districts of West Bengal, India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in February 2025 among 160 students enrolled in classes IX and X in Jhargram and Purba Medinipur districts of West Bengal, India. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule. The majority of participants reported using sanitary napkins (70.2%), while 16% used cloth and 10% reported using menstrual cups. More than half of the respondents (51%) indicated the absence of sanitary pad vending machines in their schools, and 61% stated that they had never observed any sanitary product disposal facilities. Despite growing awareness and the gradual adoption of modern menstrual products, significant infrastructural gaps persist in school WASH facilities. Strengthening menstrual health management interventions at the school level is crucial for promoting adolescent health, educational continuity, and gender equity.

Navigating the Unspoken: A Critical Analysis of the Challenges in Translating Implicit Meaning in Political Discourse

2025-12-27T08:57:58+00:00

Translating a political discourse presents particularly a complex challenge due to the widespread use of implicit meaning, rhetorical ambiguity, and intentional metaphors. This paper examines the obstacles faced by translators when rendering political text through different languages and cultures, with a focus on the implicit meaning. The study also examines the role of translator in mediating between the source context and the perception of the target audience, emphasizing the tension between fidelity to the original message and sensitivity to the cultural reception. Similarly, moving from a linguistic analysis, this study adopts an interdisciplinary framework, integrating perspectives from pragmatics, discourse analysis, and translation studies to investigate the challenges inherent in rendering implicit political meaning across linguistic and cultural boundaries

The problem of the legal status of artificial intelligence in Algerian legislation

2025-12-27T08:57:58+00:00

This intervention addresses the rapid advancements in science and industry, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). Unlike traditional programs, AI systems operate autonomously and make unpredictable decisions based on their environment, raising concerns about responsibility for their actions. The widespread use of AI and robots presents significant challenges, especially regarding accountability and the adequacy of existing legislation.

Accordingly, this study examines current and future challenges of AI, with a focus on its legal regulation under Algerian law. It explores the legal status and potential legal personality of AI to determine liability for errors it may cause. Given the growing prevalence of AI and the likelihood of related crimes, legislative intervention is essential to address its legal recognition and consequences.