Social Empowerment Journal

Navigating Moral Dilemmas: Teaching Ethics and Citizenship in Delta State’s Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)

Juliet Nkonyeasua Ossai — 2025-12-31

This study examined the various strategies for navigating ethical and moral dilemmas in social studies through the teaching of responsible citizenship in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Delta State, Nigeria. It employed descriptive survey. The population consisted of 828 management staff and Social Studies lecturers in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Delta State. A sample of 394 management staff and Social Studies lecturers combined was chosen using stratified random sampling technique from the higher education institutions in Delta state comprising universities, and colleges of education. It utilized a structured questionnaire using four-point Likert scale which was validated by three experts from Faculty of Education, Delta State University, Abraka and had a reliability of 0.82, while z-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that: the managerial strategies of implementation of school policies enhanced academic achievement of undergraduates and promotes responsible citizenship consciousness amongst staff and students. The strategies employed include safeguarding and utilizing social studies teaching and learning facilities efficiently, anticipation of any innovation that can aid the effective teaching and learning of responsible citizenship, develop efficient social studies school programmes, engage staff and students in discussions on responsible citizenship to clear the ethical and moral dilemmas. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends among others that regular in-service training on school management should be arranged for management staff, Social Studies lecturers and students by the government through the schools’ management in collaboration with the Delta State Ministry of Education.

The Problematic of gender between Islamic thought and Islamic Feminism

Walid Arroussi — 2025-12-31

Feminism is a social movement that emerged to correct the status of women in European society after the French Revolution of 1789. It reflects the social and intellectual conditions European societies had reached at that time, which pushed this broad segment (women) to demand rights they considered denied, and gender equality that feminists saw as essential for the stability and progress of European society.

The feminist movement adopted the term gender, which was originally used to describe the sexual orientation of individuals with intersex traits—who constitute a tiny minority in society. Feminism then generalized the term to include individuals with deviant sexual orientations, in an attempt to legitimize these deviations and to create a new space in which such behaviours are accepted and granted legitimacy, rather than being described as deviant.

Feminist thought did not emerge from the writings of a single philosopher or thinker; instead, it developed through successive waves that exploited global conditions in each phase. It subsided during crises and wars and intensified during peace and stability. New figures emerged with each wave, along with books and new terms that shaped feminist thought, until it reached its current form.

Feminist ideology cannot be considered independent in and of itself; it is a social movement that adopts the intellectual colour of the society in which it operates. Thus, we find liberal feminism, Marxist feminism, and others, including Islamic feminism, which echo the global feminist movement. It raises the same demands and calls for the same rights, despite the fundamental differences between Islamic societies and the European context in which feminism originated. What is acceptable in European society may not be acceptable elsewhere. Furthermore, while religion was sidelined in Europe in favour of secularism, it remains a foundational pillar of Islamic societies and cannot be easily abandoned.

The existence of differences between Islamic thought and feminist ideology is inevitable. However, these differences are so deep and fundamental that reconciling Islam and feminist thought seems nearly impossible. Highlighting the depth of these differences is enough to expose interpretive Islamic feminism and present it for what it truly is: a movement in opposition to religion, despite its concealment behind religious texts and its attempt to interpret them through a feminist lens—an approach that contradicts the established jurisprudential, linguistic, and scholarly principles that Islamic scholars have practiced since the dawn of Islam. The idea of making the scholar's gender a criterion for accepting their scholarly opinion is unprecedented in the Islamic tradition since the revelation began to our Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.

Citizens’ Perceptions of Codeswitching in Public Communication in Rwanda

Celestin Ryaziga — 2025-12-31

Noticing the frequent codeswitching practices in political communication in Rwanda, this study was conducted to investigate the Rwandan citizens’ perceptions of this linguistic phenomenon in public communication. The study’s objectives were to examine whether the practices of codeswitching affect the citizens’ understanding, to investigate citizens’ perceptions of codeswitching and to raise awareness among Rwanda’s government leaders about this linguistic phenomenon. In order to make it comparative, this study was conducted in two distinct areas: Huye city as urban area and Gisagara district as a rural area. The number of participants was 44: 22 urban citizens and 22 rural citizens. Moreover, a mixed methodology was employed, combining group discussions to collect qualitative data and semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire. The study was accomplished through descriptive statistical analysis of codeswitching. The findings reveal that many Rwandan citizens view codeswitching practices unfavourably for it hinders them from fully understanding the public communication. Comparatively, the study found that codeswitching hinders rural citizens’ ability to comprehend public communication more than it does for urban citizens. Based on these findings, this study recommends government leaders to prioritize the use of Kinyarwanda while delivering public communication. It also further recommends the government of Rwanda to organise regular training sessions for all government leaders to raise their awareness of the effect of codeswitching. In recognition that codeswitching is an inevitable linguistic phenomenon (Nilep, 2006:1), this study recommends that Rwandan government leaders provide translations whenever codeswitching occurs in public communication.

Arabic And islamique educationin the contemporary world: prospect and challenge

Abdul-Hamid Habibullahi — 2025-12-31

The place of language in human activities is very significant as it servs as the major means of communication. It occupies a major position in the intellectual and spiritual development of Muslim communities in the world. This paper explores historical development of Arabic and Islamic Education in the world with special attention on it prospects and challenges. The paper conceptualizes Arabic and Islamic studies in the context of education. It follows the trends chronological development of Arabic and Islamic Education from the Asian continent to European; American, China and African continents. However, its relevance in contemporary educational discourse, especially in Western Nigeria, are undermined by numerous challenges. This paper examines the major impediments confronting Arabic and Islamic Education in Private Arabic Schools (PASs) across the region. Drawing upon recent literature and based on thematic content analysis, which entails the systematic review and synthesis of key emerging themes from existing literature, the study identifies critical issues such as the lack of standardized curriculum, insufficient of professionally trained teachers, inadequate infrastructure, limited local Arabic and Islamic textbooks, and poor government support. It also highlights socio-political challenges including the stigmatisation of Arabic education due to weak foundations at the Ibtidaiyyah level, and restricted pathways to higher education for Arabic learners. The paper argues that these challenges stem from systemic neglect, curricular disconnection from national educational goals, and inadequate policy integration. The paper suggests curriculum reform, teacher professionalization, infrastructural improvement, and digital inclusion to enhance the quality and perception of Arabic and Islamic Education. A multi-sectoral collaboration between government, Islamic organizations, and private proprietors is also proposed to revitalize this vital component of Nigeria’s educational system.

Oscillating Realities: Hyperreality and Hegemony in Metamodernist Films

Asma Belazouz — 2025-12-31

In an era marked by visual dominance, technological disruption, and political polarization, cinema transforms itself into a cultural critique that challenges the resulting social inequalities. Stylistic choices in cinema today reflect power dynamics through visuals and contribute to the portrayal of this reality. This paper examines how dominant cultural norms and illusions are reinforced within metamodernist films to influence the construction of reality. Drawing on critical theories of (hyper)reality and simulacra, the study analyzes a selection of films to explore how dominance is represented and negotiated, focusing on how directors employ metafictional devices to subvert illusions. By critically interrogating these aspects of power in metamodernist cinema, the paper sheds light on the intricate ways in which films engage with contemporary perceptions of existential themes such as identity and individuality.

The relationship between mental habits and problem-solving styles among graduate students at Sana'a University

Nasser Ali Albaddai — 2025-12-31

This study aimed to explore the level of mindsets and problem-solving skills among graduate students at Sana'a University, as well as to analyze the relationship between these two variables. A descriptive approach was used to achieve the study's objectives, with a stratified random sample of 80 students from the master's and doctoral levels across various colleges and research centers. The "Mindsets" scale (Abu Latifa, 2019) and the "Problem-Solving" scale (Abdulazim, 2013) were applied to the study sample, and the validity and psychometric efficiency of the tools were verified in the Yemeni context. The results showed that graduate students at Sana'a University possess high levels of mindsets and problem-solving skills, with a strong correlation between the dimensions of the two scales. Additionally, no significant differences were found for either scale based on the variables of gender and academic level.

The Importance of Applying the Just-In-Time (JIT) System in Reducing Costs: An Applied Study on Public Shareholding Industrial Companies.

Sameer Suleiman Aljamal — 2025-12-31

The study aimed to identify the importance of implementing the Just-In-Time (JIT) production system in industrial companies in the Hebron area and its relationship to reducing industrial costs. The study conducted on a sample of 14 industrial companies, and data collected through a questionnaire distributed to the study sample. The data analyzed using the Correlational Descriptive Method. The results showed a positive correlation between the implementation of the JIT production system and the reduction of production costs, as well as inventory costs. However, the study revealed no significant relationship between the implementation of JIT and improvements in product quality, reduction of defective items, or reduction of labor wages. The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which are: expanding the scope of applying JIT principles and investing in the infrastructure that supports its implementation in order to maximize the benefits of the system.

Challenges facing the educational planning process in the education directorates in the Sultanate of Oman

Ahmed Al-Hadrami — 2025-12-31

The study aims to identify the challenges facing the educational planning process in the education directorates in the Sultanate of Oman. The descriptive analytical approach was used, and the questionnaire was used as a tool through application on 250 employees. The study concluded that the challenges of educational planning in the education directorates were of varying degrees, including administrative, human, material, social, future, etc. It is noted that these challenges affect the planning processes within these directorates to varying degrees, as most of them are at a high level, which means that there is a group of challenges. It is also noted that the strongest of these challenges are the financial challenges that have a very large impact, while it is clear that the least influential challenges are the social and environmental challenges. The challenges were ranked as follows (financial challenges, administrative challenges, technical challenges, human challenges, future challenges, social challenges), while the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) attributed to the variable of gender and years of experience. It recommends the need to work on providing an appropriate climate for planning processes, whether financial or material.

Glottophobia and linguistic discrimination: A field study of dialect stigmatization mechanisms and exclusionary practices in Tunisian society

Mohamed Fadhel Haj Sassi — 2025-12-31

The study of dialects is not merely a scientific whim that we can be wary of or reject under the guise of intellectualism, but rather an urgent scientific and cognitive necessity in an era dominated by tendencies toward hegemony and influence in all its forms. This type of study can provide an objective and accurate sociocultural reading of society, as it focuses on the essence of local cultural identity and what that may represent in terms of self-esteem and pride on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the stigmatization and discrimination against others on that basis, despite the fact that the differentiation between dialects is not in line with the modern linguistic view that recognizes the dynamism and social nature of language. We highlighted this in the first part of the research, before moving on to present a historical overview of the phenomenon of linguistic stigmatization through the term “barbarism,” which is considered its oldest manifestation. We then highlighted how language and dialect can transform from stigmatizing conflict to distinctive glottophobia. In the field, we showed that dialect stigmatization in Tunisia is a manifestation of regionalism and its other, more dangerous and painful side, as stigmatization can turn into discriminatory practices that threaten social cohesion and unity.