A brief statement about the difference between the prohet and the Messenger –prophecy the Israelis أ
Keywords:
Prophecy, prophets, messengers, infallibility, miracles
Abstract
God did not belong to the people of the prophets as the children of Israel, because of their disobedience and deviation from the doctrine of monotheism, they were always inclined to deviate, but this people was every time to retreat from the call of prophets, but that the Old Testament writers described the prophets with the most despicable qualities: And the practice of adultery, theft and lying ..., every vice they knew, they did not deprive them of their prophets, so as to give themselves the right to practice various vices.
References
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Al-Mashriqī, Aḥmad. Al-Nubuwwah fī al-Adyān al-Kitābiyyah. 1st ed. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 2004.
Al-Fayyūmī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr: Muʿjam ʿArabī–ʿArabī. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnān, 1987.
Al-Bustānī, Buṭrus. Muḥīṭ al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnān, 1987.
Al-Bāsh, Ḥasan. Al-Qurʾān wa-al-Tawrāh: Ayna Yattafiqān wa-Ayna Yaftariqān. Vol. 2. Damascus: Dār Qutaybah, 1998.
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Al-Mashriqī, Aḥmad. Al-Waḥy wa-al-Nubuwwah fī al-Adyān al-Samāwiyyah. Unpublished PhD diss., al-Maʿhad al-Aʿlā lil-Ḥaḍārah al-Islāmiyyah, Jāmiʿat al-Zaytūnah, 1992–1993.
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ʿAlī, Fuʾād Ḥusnayn. Isrāʾīl ʿAbra al-Tārīkh fī al-Badʾ. Egypt: Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʿArabiyyah, Maṭbaʿat al-Risālah, n.d.
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Ṭabbārah, ʿAfīf ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ. Maʿa al-Anbiyāʾ. 6th ed. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malāyīn, 2010.
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Mihrān, Muḥammad Bayyūmī. Banū Isrāʾīl. Vol. 5. Alexandria: Dār al-Maʿrifah al-Jāmiʿiyyah, 1999.
The Oxford Cyclopedic Concordance. London: Oxford University Press, n.d.
Al-Sawwāḥ, Firās. Mughāmarat al-ʿAql al-Ūlā: Dirāsah fī al-Asṭūrah. 7th ed. Damascus: Dār ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn, 1988.
Fleming, Don. Bridgeway Bible Dictionary. Brisbane: Bridgeway Publications, 2004.
ʿAbd al-Malik, Buṭrus, et al. Qāmūs al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas. 15th ed. Beirut: Majmaʿ al-Kanāʾis fī al-Sharq al-Adnā, 2011.
Heaton, Eric William. The Old Testament Prophets. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1969.
Ẓaẓā, Ḥasan. Abḥāth fī al-Fikr al-Yahūdī. Cairo: al-Hayʾah al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah lil-Kitāb, 2015.
Al-ʿAqqād, ʿAbbās Maḥmūd. Ḥaqāʾiq al-Islām wa-Abāṭīl Khuṣūmih. Cairo: Muʾassasat Hindāwī, 2012.
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Lods, Adolphe. The History of Israel. Translated by S. N. Hooke. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1932.
Ḥasan, Muḥammad Khalīfah. Tārīkh al-Diyānah al-Yahūdiyyah. 1st ed. Cairo: Dār Qubāʾ, 1998.
Maimonides (Mūsā ibn Maymūn). Dalālat al-Ḥāʾirīn. Translated by Ḥusayn Atāy. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfah al-Dīniyyah, n.d.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm. Al-Nubuwwāt. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1985.
Mubārak, Sayyid. Muʿjizāt al-Anbiyāʾ wa-al-Mursalīn. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Maḥmūdiyyah, 2004.
Al-Ashqar, ʿUmar Sulaymān. Al-Rusul wa-al-Risālāt. 6th ed. Amman: Dār al-Nafāʾis, 1995.
Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm. Vol. 1. 1st ed. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 2002.
ʿAbd al-Jabbār ibn Aḥmad. Sharḥ al-Uṣūl al-Khamsah. Edited by ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿUthmān. 3rd ed. Cairo: Maktabat Wahbah, 1996.
Al-Ījī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad. Al-Mawāqif fī ʿIlm al-Kalām. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, n.d.
Al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr wa-Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb. Vol. 23. 1st ed. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1981.
Al-Tabrīzī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh. Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ. Edited by Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī. Vol. 3. 2nd ed. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1979.
Al-Khaṭīb, Muḥammad Aḥmad. Muqāranat al-Adyān. 2nd ed. Amman: Dār al-Masīrah, 2009.
Wolff, Hans Walter. The Old Testament: A Guide to Its Writings. Translated by K. R. Crim. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1973.
Ricciotti, Giuseppe. Histoire d’Israël. Vol. 1. Translated by Paul Auvray. Paris: Picard et Cie, 1947.
The Oxford Cyclopedic Concordance. London: Oxford University Press, n.d.
The Holy Bible. Protestant Version.
Al-Mashriqī, Aḥmad. Al-Nubuwwah fī al-Adyān al-Kitābiyyah. 1st ed. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 2004.
Al-Fayyūmī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr: Muʿjam ʿArabī–ʿArabī. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnān, 1987.
Al-Bustānī, Buṭrus. Muḥīṭ al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Maktabat Lubnān, 1987.
Al-Bāsh, Ḥasan. Al-Qurʾān wa-al-Tawrāh: Ayna Yattafiqān wa-Ayna Yaftariqān. Vol. 2. Damascus: Dār Qutaybah, 1998.
Al-Āghā, Nabīl Khālid. Anbiyāʾ Allāh fī Filasṭīn. 1st ed. Beirut: al-Muʾassasah al-ʿArabiyyah lil-Dirāsāt, 2001.
Al-Mashriqī, Aḥmad. Al-Waḥy wa-al-Nubuwwah fī al-Adyān al-Samāwiyyah. Unpublished PhD diss., al-Maʿhad al-Aʿlā lil-Ḥaḍārah al-Islāmiyyah, Jāmiʿat al-Zaytūnah, 1992–1993.
Al-Muṭaʿinī, ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm. Al-Islām fī Muwājahat al-Istishrāq al-ʿĀlamī. 2nd ed. Egypt: Dār al-Wafāʾ, 1992.
Ibn Fāris, Abū al-Ḥusayn Aḥmad ibn Fāris ibn Zakariyyā. Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lughah. Edited by ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn. Vol. 5. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Jawharī, Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥammād. Al-Ṣiḥāḥ: Tāj al-Lughah wa-Ṣiḥāḥ al-ʿArabiyyah. Edited by Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Ghafūr ʿAṭṭār. 4th ed. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malāyīn, 1990.
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad (d. 456 AH). Al-Faṣl fī al-Milal wa-al-Ahwāʾ wa-al-Niḥal. Edited by Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Naṣr and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿUmayrah. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1996.
ʿAlī, Fuʾād Ḥusnayn. Isrāʾīl ʿAbra al-Tārīkh fī al-Badʾ. Egypt: Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʿArabiyyah, Maṭbaʿat al-Risālah, n.d.
ʿAbd al-Ḥakīm, Manṣūr. Izdirāʾ wa-Īdhāʾ al-Anbiyāʾ. Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 2006.
Al-Ṣābūnī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Al-Nubuwwah wa-al-Anbiyāʾ. 3rd ed. Damascus: Maktabat al-Ghazālī, 1985.
Ṭabbārah, ʿAfīf ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ. Maʿa al-Anbiyāʾ. 6th ed. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malāyīn, 2010.
Spinoza, Baruch. Risālah fī al-Lāhūt wa-al-Siyāsah. Translated by Ḥasan Ḥanafī. 1st ed. Beirut: Dār al-Tanwīr, 2005.
Baḥr ʿAbd al-Majīd, Muḥammad. Al-Yahūdiyyah. Cairo: Markaz al-Dirāsāt al-Sharqiyyah, Cairo University, 2001.
Naʿīm, Muḥsin. Nubuwwāt wa-Ruʾā. Vol. 1. Cairo: Dār al-Thaqāfah, 2005.
Ricciotti, Giuseppe. Histoire d’Israël. Vol. 1. Translated by Paul Auvray. Paris: Picard et Cie, 1947.
Sijāl, M. Ṣ. Ḥawla Tārīkh al-Anbiyāʾ ʿinda Banī Isrāʾīl. Translated by Ḥasan Ẓaẓā. Beirut: منشورات جامعة بيروت, n.d.
Al-Jundī, Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Maqṣūd. Muḥāḍarāt fī al-Diyānah al-Yahūdiyyah. Egypt: Dār al-Thaqāfah al-ʿArabiyyah, 2011.
Mihrān, Muḥammad Bayyūmī. Banū Isrāʾīl. Vol. 5. Alexandria: Dār al-Maʿrifah al-Jāmiʿiyyah, 1999.
The Oxford Cyclopedic Concordance. London: Oxford University Press, n.d.
Al-Sawwāḥ, Firās. Mughāmarat al-ʿAql al-Ūlā: Dirāsah fī al-Asṭūrah. 7th ed. Damascus: Dār ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn, 1988.
Fleming, Don. Bridgeway Bible Dictionary. Brisbane: Bridgeway Publications, 2004.
ʿAbd al-Malik, Buṭrus, et al. Qāmūs al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas. 15th ed. Beirut: Majmaʿ al-Kanāʾis fī al-Sharq al-Adnā, 2011.
Heaton, Eric William. The Old Testament Prophets. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1969.
Ẓaẓā, Ḥasan. Abḥāth fī al-Fikr al-Yahūdī. Cairo: al-Hayʾah al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah lil-Kitāb, 2015.
Al-ʿAqqād, ʿAbbās Maḥmūd. Ḥaqāʾiq al-Islām wa-Abāṭīl Khuṣūmih. Cairo: Muʾassasat Hindāwī, 2012.
Riḍā, Muḥammad Rashīd. Al-Waḥy al-Muḥammadī: Thubūt al-Nubuwwah bi-al-Qurʾān wa-Daʿwat Shuʿūb al-Madaniyyah ilā al-Salām. Beirut: Muʾassasat ʿIzz al-Dīn lil-Ṭibāʿah wa-al-Nashr, n.d.
Al-Ṭabarī, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr. Jāmiʿ al-Bayān ʿan Taʾwīl Āy al-Qurʾān. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muḥsin al-Turkī. Vol. 7. 1st ed. Cairo: Dār Hijr, 2001.
Lods, Adolphe. The History of Israel. Translated by S. N. Hooke. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1932.
Ḥasan, Muḥammad Khalīfah. Tārīkh al-Diyānah al-Yahūdiyyah. 1st ed. Cairo: Dār Qubāʾ, 1998.
Maimonides (Mūsā ibn Maymūn). Dalālat al-Ḥāʾirīn. Translated by Ḥusayn Atāy. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfah al-Dīniyyah, n.d.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm. Al-Nubuwwāt. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1985.
Mubārak, Sayyid. Muʿjizāt al-Anbiyāʾ wa-al-Mursalīn. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Maḥmūdiyyah, 2004.
Al-Ashqar, ʿUmar Sulaymān. Al-Rusul wa-al-Risālāt. 6th ed. Amman: Dār al-Nafāʾis, 1995.
Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm. Vol. 1. 1st ed. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 2002.
ʿAbd al-Jabbār ibn Aḥmad. Sharḥ al-Uṣūl al-Khamsah. Edited by ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿUthmān. 3rd ed. Cairo: Maktabat Wahbah, 1996.
Al-Ījī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad. Al-Mawāqif fī ʿIlm al-Kalām. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, n.d.
Al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr wa-Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb. Vol. 23. 1st ed. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1981.
Al-Tabrīzī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh. Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ. Edited by Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī. Vol. 3. 2nd ed. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1979.
Al-Khaṭīb, Muḥammad Aḥmad. Muqāranat al-Adyān. 2nd ed. Amman: Dār al-Masīrah, 2009.
Wolff, Hans Walter. The Old Testament: A Guide to Its Writings. Translated by K. R. Crim. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1973.
Ricciotti, Giuseppe. Histoire d’Israël. Vol. 1. Translated by Paul Auvray. Paris: Picard et Cie, 1947.
The Oxford Cyclopedic Concordance. London: Oxford University Press, n.d.
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