Ports in Ancient Egypt "The Modern Stateb1580-1085 BC.
Abstract
A group of ports were built on the water bodies found in ancient Egypt, which played an important role throughout the stages of its ancient history, especially during the era of the modern state 1580-1085 BC, and through this article we aim to rely on archaeological and historical studies to introduce the ports on the Nile and coasts of the sea (The Mediterranean and Red Sea) in ancient Egypt by virtue of the fact that it is related to these three sides, relying on that on the historical, descriptive and analytical method, i.e. when it was built and touching on the shape of this port to show then its military, economic and even religious importance during the modern state stage.
and through this The article reached the most important results: that the Nile and sea ports during the modern state period or the so-called empire played a role in connecting Egypt and the outside world, a place to receive foreign missions and stores for wood and all types of wood, ships and boats that they were building during that era, as a starting point for the fleets of defense to defend Egypt's borders are foreign hazards, and it is also a center for launching maritime trade missions towards Pont and the Phoenician coast, as well as the island of Cyprus and Crete.
References
ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Munʿim. Al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar wa-Ẓahīruhu fī al-ʿUṣūr al-Qadīmah. Al-Iskandariyyah: Dār al-Maʿrifah al-Jāmiʿiyyah, 1993.
ʿAbd al-Majīd, ʿAbd al-Malik. Sāḥil Bilād al-Shām wa-al-Ṣirāʿāt al-Duwaliyyah: Dirāsah Jughrafiyyah Siyāsiyyah wa-Jughrafiyyah ʿAskariyyah Amniyyah. Bayrūt: Bīsān lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʿ wa-al-Iʿlām, 2002.
Abū ʿAlī, Jawād. Al-Mufaṣṣal fī Tārīkh al-ʿArab Qabl al-Islām. Baghdād, 1993.
Aḥmad, Muḥammad Bayyūmī Mihrān. Al-Ḥaḍārah al-Miṣriyyah al-Qadīmah: Al-Ḥayāh al-Ijtimāʿiyyah wa-al-Siyāsiyyah wa-al-ʿAskariyyah wa-al-Qaḍāʾiyyah wa-al-Dīniyyah. Al-Iskandariyyah: Dār al-Maʿrifah al-Jāmiʿiyyah, 1989.
Al-Faransiyyah, ʿUlamāʾ al-Ḥamlah. Mawsūʿat Waṣf Miṣr: Al-Zirāʿah wa-al-Ṣināʿāt wa-al-Ḥiraf wa-al-Tijārah. Al-Qāhirah: Maktabat al-Usrah, 2002.
Al-Iskandarī, ʿUmar, wa-A. J. Safīj. Tārīkh Miṣr ilā al-Fatḥ al-ʿUthmānī. 2nd ed. Al-Qāhirah: Maktabat Madbūlī, 1996.
Al-Raʾīfstāl, Īlīzābīth. Ṭībah fī ʿAhd Amanḥūtib al-Thālith. Bayrūt: Maktabat Lubnān, 1967.
Al-Zuʿbī, Al-Zahrah. Tijārat Miṣr al-Firʿawniyyah min Awākhir al-Alf al-Rābiʿ ilā al-Alf al-Awwal Qabl al-Mīlād. Master's thesis, Department of History, University of Algiers, 2006–2007.
Daqīl, Ḥusayn. Āthār Sīnāʾ: ʿArāqat al-Tārīkh wa-Āfāq al-Istithmār. Al-Maʿhad al-Miṣrī lil-Dirāsāt, 2008.
Dūmā, Franswā. Ḥaḍārat Miṣr al-Firʿawniyyah. Translated by Māhir Jūwijānī. Al-Hayʾah al-ʿĀmmah li-Shuʾūn al-Maṭābiʿ al-Amīriyyah.
Fūrastar, A. M. Al-Iskandariyyah: Tārīkh wa-Dalīl. Al-Qāhirah: Al-Hayʾah al-ʿĀmmah li-Shuʾūn al-Maṭābiʿ al-Amīriyyah, 1999.
Ḥāfiẓ ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ, Ṣafāʾ. Al-Mawāniʾ wa-al-Thughūr al-Miṣriyyah min al-Fatḥ al-Islāmī ḥattā Nihāyat al-ʿAṣr al-Fāṭimī. Al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, 1986.
Mihrān, Muḥammad Bayyūmī. Al-Mudun al-Kubrā fī Miṣr wa-al-Sharq al-Adnā al-Qadīm. Al-Iskandariyyah: Dār al-Maʿrifah al-Jāmiʿiyyah.
Nūr al-Dīn, ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm. Al-Baḥrān al-Abyaḍ wa-al-Aḥmar fī al-Tārīkh al-Miṣrī al-Qadīm. Muḥāḍarāt, Maktabat al-Iskandariyyah.
Raḥmānī, Balqāsim, wa-Madanī Kharfūsh. Al-Dawr al-Miṣrī fī Janūb Shibh al-Jazīrah al-ʿArabiyyah wa-al-Sharq al-Afrīqī. Al-Qāhirah: Maktabat Zahrāʾ al-Sharq, 1997.
Saʿd Allāh, ʿAlī. Naẓariyyat al-Dawlah fī al-Fikr al-Khaldūnī. ʿAmmān: Dār Majdalāwī lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʿ.
Saʿīd, Samīr. Mawsūʿat al-Ḥaḍārah al-Miṣriyyah. Al-Qāhirah: Al-ʿArabī lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʿ, 2000.
Shammārī, Muḥammad Ḥamzah Jār Allāh. Mawāniʾ Shibh Jazīrat al-ʿArab wa-Atharuhā fī al-Nashāṭ al-Tijārī wa-al-Baḥr Qabl al-Islām. PhD diss., Jāmiʿat Baghdād, 2004.
Ṭabūzādah, Zakiyyah Yūsuf. Tārīkh Miṣr al-Qadīm. Al-Qāhirah, 2008.
Foreign References
Bietak, Manfred. Prunefer: The Principal New Kingdom Naval Base. Egyptian Archaeology.
Bierbrier, Morris L. Ancient Egypt. United States of America, 2008.
Bunson, Margaret R. Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. New York: Facts On File, 2002.
Escoffey, Catherine. Ancient Alexandria. Egypt: Bibliotheca Alexandrina, 2012.
Forstner-Müller, Marianne. The Topography of New Kingdom Avaris and Per-Ramesses.
Nuel, J. P. The Gurob Ship-Cart Mediterranean. Texas: A&M University Press, 2013.
Pierre, Thierry. “Les Ports Intermittents de la Mer Rouge à l’époque pharaonique: Caractéristiques et Chronologie.” Revue Numérique d’Égyptologie, 2015.
Sicile, D. D. Bibliothèque Historique. Paris, 1846.
Tony, T. S. The Navy of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Uppsala, 1946.
Vinson, Steve. “Seafaring.” UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Los Angeles: University of California, 2009.
Yoyotte, Michel. La Base Portuaire de Mi-Our (Gourob) au Nouvel Empire: Un Port à l’Entrée du Fayoum. Groupe Fleuves et Territoires, 2015.
Zazzaro, Chiara W. “Evidence for Pharaonic Seagoing Ships at Marsa Gawasis.” Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009.
Copyright (c) 2026 بلعباس محفوظي
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
