Journal of Science and Knowledge Horizons

Artificial Intelligence and Moral Responsibility: An Islamic Normative Approach

Salma Razzaq , Nasir Razzaq — Mon, 13 Apr 2026 17:47:12 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming social, economic, and religious spheres, raising ethical concerns that extend beyond technical performance to questions of justice, accountability, human dignity, and moral responsibility. This paper examines contemporary AI ethics through an Islamic moral framework, arguing that AI should be ethically evaluated rather than merely regulated or celebrated. Using a normative ethical analysis grounded in Islamic moral philosophy, the study first identifies key ethical challenges associated with AI, including algorithmic bias, privacy and surveillance, automation-driven economic disruption, autonomous decision-making, and accountability deficits. It then articulates core Islamic ethical principles, such as tawḥīd, khilāfah, amānah, ʿadl, maṣlaḥah, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, and karāmah insāniyyah, as normative criteria for ethical judgement. These principles are subsequently applied to assess the moral permissibility, limitations, and conditions governing contemporary AI practices. The analysis demonstrates that Islamic ethics permits beneficial AI applications while imposing firm constraints where technologies undermine justice, human agency, dignity, or public welfare. The study concludes that Islamic moral philosophy offers a rigorous and culturally grounded framework for ethically responsible AI

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND REWRITING HISTORY: THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS.

Dele Jemirade — Mon, 13 Apr 2026 18:10:58 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly prominent role in the analysis, reinterpretation, and even rewriting of historical narratives. Through powerful technologies such as deepfakes, generative models, and machine learning algorithms, AI can manipulate historical data and imagery in ways that challenge the integrity and authenticity of the historical record. These technological advances raise significant legal and ethical questions, particularly regarding the ownership and authenticity of AI-generated content, the potential spread of misinformation, and the risks posed by revisionist histories driven by algorithmic manipulation. As AI’s capacity to generate and disseminate historical reconstructions grows, concerns about intellectual property rights, defamation, historical falsification, and the distortion of cultural memory have become increasingly urgent. This paper critically investigates the implications of AI's involvement in shaping historical discourse, with a focus on the intersection between technology, law, and historical integrity. It explores how existing legal frameworks—such as copyright law, defamation law, and regulations on misinformation—apply to AI-generated historical content and whether these laws are sufficient to address the novel challenges posed by AI-driven historical revisionism. Through an interdisciplinary analysis, the paper examines the legal status of AI-generated works, the attribution of authorship and liability, and the tension between free expression and the need to preserve factual historical narratives. In addition to evaluating current legal regimes, this study proposes a set of legal and policy reforms aimed at ensuring transparency, accountability, and ethical standards in the use of AI for historical purposes. It advocates for the development of international guidelines and regulatory mechanisms to safeguard against the misuse of AI in historical contexts, while still encouraging technological innovation and scholarly exploration. Ultimately, this paper offers a balanced approach to managing AI’s transformative potential in historical scholarship, ensuring that advancements in AI contribute to, rather than undermine, the accurate and responsible understanding of the past.

Artificial Intelligence as a Mechanism for Enhancing Transparency in Public Procurement

Hadjira Boumenad , Saleh Hussein Ali — Mon, 13 Apr 2026 18:28:19 +0000

Transparency constitutes a fundamental principle in public procurement, given its essential role in entrenching integrity, ensuring equality among economic operators, and safeguarding the sound management of public funds. Artificial intelligence contributes to strengthening this principle through the accurate and rapid processing of data in accordance with unified and objective standards. Moreover, it supports oversight mechanisms in public procurement across its various stages, thereby enhancing accountability and promoting effective control over public spending.

Artificial Intelligence as a Tool of Soft Power: Legal and Ethical Dimensions

Ali Latreche, Abdel Raouf Karam Salam — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The present contribution examines artificial intelligence as a central contemporary instrument of soft power in international politics, emphasizing its increasing capacity to shape global preferences through advanced digital technologies and algorithmic governance. It analyzes the legal frameworks regulating artificial intelligence with a specific emphasis on safeguarding core rights and civil liberties, alongside persistent ethical concerns relating to privacy, biases inherent in algorithmic systems, alongside transparency concerns in automated decision-making. Methodologically, the research relies on a descriptive–analytical framework rooted in the examination of national and international legal texts, relevant scholarly literature, and reports issued by international organizations, supplemented by comparative analysis where appropriate.

The findings demonstrate that artificial intelligence has emerged as a strategic soft power resource capable of exerting indirect influence on global public opinion and enhancing states’ international image. Nevertheless, the study identifies significant legal and ethical deficiencies, bringing to light the requirement for a carefully articulated regulatory architecture capable of guiding accountable use, while safeguarding rights and freedoms.

Artificial Intelligence Innovations Shaping the Future of Law

Mohyiddine Hafid Mohyiddine Hafid — Wed, 15 Apr 2026 07:54:01 +0000

within the legal domain This technological field focuses on the development of systems and software capable of simulating human cognitive abilities, including analysis, reasoning, and decision-making. AI encompasses a range of advanced techniques, notably machine learning, natural language processing, and intelligent systems. In recent years, the rapid evolution of AI has significantly impacted various sectors, with the legal field being among the most affected. AI has opened new possibilities in legal research, contract analysis, predictive analytics, automated document generation, and legal drafting, thereby enhancing performance, saving time and effort, and reducing costs. However, these advancements also raise important legal and ethical challenges, necessitating careful regulatory frameworks to accompany and manage these technological transformations

Artificial Intelligence or Cultural Intelligence? Investigating the Efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Idiom Creative Translation Tasks

Asma Aloui — Thu, 16 Apr 2026 08:00:16 +0000

The translation of idioms has always been a challenging task for translators due to their culture-bound references and level of creativity. With the rise of Artificial Intelligence technologies, translators and language instructors are using AI to assist them in different language-related tasks; however, the main concern is whether these AI technologies are efficient in creative translation tasks like rendering cultural subtleties and nuances in idioms. The present paper, which falls into the scope of AI-based translation, aims at investigating the efficiency of Large Language Models in translating idioms from Arabic into English. To attain this aim, two AI models ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot are tested in the English translation of five commonly-used Standard Arabic idioms. After receiving the same prompts, each model’s output is analyzed to verify correctness and accuracy within Venuti’s foreignization and domestication framework. The findings validate the efficiency of both ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot in rendering idioms with the former opting for foreignization approach and the latter for a combination of foreignization and domestication approaches. The findings also

pinpoint the potential of AI in creative translation instruction.

Pragmatic Language Choices in the Digital Age: A Comparative Study of Tanzanian and Pakistani Undergraduates

Nasir Razzaq , Casmir M. Rubagumya , Felician B. Mgimba — Fri, 17 Apr 2026 07:53:55 +0000

Digital communication has reshaped how multilingual speakers make pragmatic language choices in everyday interaction. Digital platforms reorganize language through speed, multimodality, and technical affordances in emerging multilingual societies. As undergraduate students are intensive users of digital media, their interactional practices offer a key site for examining pragmatic choices across face-to-face and online contexts. This study examines how Tanzanian and Pakistani undergraduate students negotiate language mixing and language purity, with particular attention to digitally mediated interaction. Through observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions, qualitative, inductive, and comparative data were collected and analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that Pakistani students rely heavily on Romanised Urdu for digital convenience, while experiencing increasing difficulty with Urdu script and vocabulary, suggesting script attrition and lexical erosion. Emojis and memes provide multimodal pragmatic communication of humour, attitude, tone, and emotion. Habitual code-mixing reflects lexical automatisation, alongside participant concern regarding younger generations’ diminishing lexical depth in local languages. The study concludes that pragmatic choice extends beyond speech to include scripts, visual modes, and digital infrastructures, with implications for language maintenance in digital futures

The Influence of AI on Webtoons: What About the Future? An Ontological and Macroeconomic Perspective.

Yasmina LABED, Alain VUILLEMIN — Fri, 17 Apr 2026 08:13:45 +0000

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Webtoon industry has fundamentally altered the lifecycle of digital comics, from initial ideation to global distribution. This article investigates how AI technologies—specifically Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Large Language Models (LLMs)—influence narrative and visual production. By examining technical advancements alongside ethical implications regarding intellectual property and representation, we illuminate how AI redefines human creativity. Through a comparative case study of Lore Olympus, the hybrid studio model of Solo Levelling and AI-assisted productions such as The Knight of the Frozen Flower, this paper evaluates the tension between artistic "soul" and algorithmic efficiency. The study validates a shift toward a "synergetic ontology," where the creator evolves into an "author-curator". Furthermore, we address the macroeconomic impact of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) and sentiment analysis on digital welfare and global market accessibility. The findings suggest that while AI risks stylistic standardization (H1), its strategic use in hybrid pipelines facilitates a new era of globalized storytelling where readers act as data-driven co-creators (H2).

The role of artificial intelligence in Clinical Psychological Assessment an analytical approach between clinical accuracy and ethical challenges

Kamila Sider, Samir Qouta — Fri, 17 Apr 2026 17:07:22 +0000

This article explores the use of artificial intelligence in clinical psychological assessment, focusing on its benefits and limitations. It highlights how AI can enhance diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and reliability, while also raising ethical concerns related to confidentiality, professional responsibility, and the human aspect of therapy.

Based on an analytical review of recent research, the study shows that although AI supports clinical decision-making, it cannot replace human judgment, especially in complex emotional or cultural contexts. The article concludes by stressing the need for ethically regulated, hybrid assessment models that integrate artificial intelligence with clinical expertise to preserve the quality and humanity of psychological practice.

Generative AI and Critical Thinking in Political Science Higher Education: Exploring the Threshold Effect

Ines Benabbes, Hamza Ghoul, Loukmane Meghraoui — Fri, 17 Apr 2026 17:35:12 +0000

This study examines how the intensity of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage relates to students’ critical thinking in political science higher education. Grounded in classical conceptions of critical thinking as a self-regulated process, it explores whether varying levels of AI use are associated with a threshold effect in which AI shifts from a cognitive scaffold to a partial substitute for independent reasoning. Using an exploratory quantitative design, survey data were collected from 179 political science students in Algeria. The findings reveal that higher AI usage intensity is associated with increased perceived learning gains but reduced critical thinking independence. These results suggest that the cognitive impact of generative AI is usage-dependent rather than inherently positive or negative

Artificial Intelligence between Education, Law, and Ethics: An Analytical Study in Emerging Societies

Ahmed Riyadh — Sat, 18 Apr 2026 19:06:24 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force shaping contemporary educational systems, legal structures, and ethical frameworks. Its rapid diffusion across sectors has enabled unprecedented improvements in efficiency, personalization, and data-driven decision-making, while simultaneously raising complex concerns regarding privacy, accountability, and social justice (Russell & Norvig, 2021, p. 20).

This study aims to analyze the role of artificial intelligence in education, examine the legal challenges associated with its adoption, and explore the ethical implications within the context of emerging societies. The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology supported by a conceptual comparative approach grounded in international frameworks such as UNESCO and the European Commission.

The findings indicate that while AI offers significant opportunities for educational development and governance reform, its sustainable implementation requires integrated strategies that combine technological innovation with robust legal regulation and ethical responsibility (UNESCO, 2021, p. 25).

Artificial intelligence in education startups - Case study of some education startups in Algeria

Bilal MECHAALI — Sat, 18 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to identify the extent of the use of artificial intelligence technology in education startups, by presenting the experiences and case studies of some Algerian startups in the field of education. The following startups were chosen: Siamois QCM, Herd Academy, TalabaStore, Dzostad.com, and Academiatouna. As one of the best education startups in Algeria, according to Startupranking website.

Through this study, we have found that the education startups under study have succeeded in providing many electronic services and auxiliary digital educational supports, but there is an absence and lack of clarity as to the extent of these institutions’ use of artificial intelligence techniques, as there are no manifestations of its use across the pages and websites of these education platforms. Finally, many challenges facing the application of artificial intelligence in the field of education were discussed.