Prevalence and factors associated with inequalities of different forms of malnutrition in the territories of Kenge And Befale, in the DRC, 2022

Bernard-Kennedy   Nkongolo; Marc   Bosonkie; Jean Baptiste  Mayavanga; Mala Ali   Mapatano; Marie-Claire  Muyer

doi:10.34118/amr.v5i2.4651

Bernard-Kennedy Nkongolo School of Public Health, Kinshasa University, Democratic Republic of Congo
Marc Bosonkie School of Public Health, Kinshasa University
Jean Baptiste Mayavanga Pronanut
Mala Ali Mapatano School of Public Health, Kinshasa University, Democratic Republic of Congo
Marie-Claire Muyer School of Public Health, Kinshasa University, Democratic Republic of Congo

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34118/amr.v5i2.4651

Keywords: Prevalence, inequalities, malnutrition, children aged 6 to 59 months, DRC

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background

Malnutrition remains a major public health challenge in the Democratic Republic of Congo, increasing health care costs, reducing productivity, and slowing economic growth. Despite high prevalence, disparities exist between and within provinces. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months in Befale and Kenge in 2022.

Materials and Methods

Secondary data from a cross-sectional study conducted by PRONANUT were analyzed. Variables included age, sex, weight, height, and illness status in the preceding two weeks. Global acute malnutrition (Z-score ≤ -2), severe acute malnutrition (Z-score < -3), underweight, and stunting were assessed. Chi-square tests and logistic regression determined associations with demographic and health factors.

Results

In Kenge, global acute malnutrition was 11.4%, with 2.6% severe cases; in Befale, prevalence was 11.3%, with 2.5% severe cases. Stunting affected 44.6% of children in Kenge and 44.9% in Befale. Underweight prevalence was 29.7% in Kenge and 24.7% in Befale. Underweight and stunting were statistically associated with age (ORa = 1.4–3.7, p = 0.001–0.06 depending on age group) and sex (female gender, ORa = 1.5–1.7, p = 0.003–0.00) in both territories.

Conclusion

Malnutrition in Befale and Kenge shows disparities by form and location. Addressing demographic factors (age and sex) alongside socio-ecological determinants is essential to reduce malnutrition and improve child health outcomes in these regions. Nutrition programs must be age- and sex-sensitive, locally adapted, and integrated with socio-ecological interventions to ensure equitable, sustainable improvements in child health outcomes.

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