Migration, Poverty, and Urban Marginality in India’s Frontier City: Insights from Slum Communities in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
Abstract
This study examines the socio-economic conditions and migration patterns of slum residents in Jaisalmer District, Rajasthan, with a focus on the settlements of Transport Nagar (Gandhi Nagar) and Jethiwai Road (Kishan Ghat). Using a qualitative research design and purposive sampling, data were collected from 50 households, representing 421 individuals, during February and March 2025. The analysis combines qualitative approaches supported by descriptive statistics to assess household demographics, access to essential services, and migration histories.
The results indicate that migration to slum areas in Jaisalmer is primarily motivated by religious insecurity, poverty, limited employment opportunities, and insufficient rural infrastructure. Most households occupy kutcha or semi-pucca dwellings with restricted ownership rights, which demonstrates ongoing structural and economic marginalization. Access to basic services is severely limited: 60% of households lack electricity, 66% rely on public taps for drinking water, and 66% do not have toilet facilities. The predominant use of traditional fuels such as firewood and cow dung highlights persistent affordability and accessibility barriers. Additionally, the absence of formal waste collection or management systems exposes residents to significant environmental and public health hazards.
In summary, the study demonstrates the intersection of migration, poverty, and urban exclusion in shaping the experiences of slum residents in Jaisalmer. The findings emphasize the necessity for inclusive urban governance, equitable infrastructure provision, and the creation of sustainable livelihood opportunities. Enhanced policy measures in water, sanitation, energy, and housing are essential to improve living conditions and advance progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) concerning poverty alleviation, access to clean water, and sustainable urban development.
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