Manifestations neurologiques de l’infection par SARS-Cov-2
Keywords:
sars-cov-2, neurology
Abstract
L'apparition en décembre 2019 du coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) responsable de l'infection COVID-19, a totalement bouleversé le système de santé et a entrainé une situation inédite tant sur le plan scientifique que social. Depuis sa propagation rapide à travers le monde et sa qualification de pandémie par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), l'explosion du nombre de cas de COVID-19 a permis de décrire plusieurs formes cliniques concomitantes avec les mutations de ce virus. Bien que le COVID19 soit surtout connu pour son tropisme respiratoire (syndrome respiratoire aigu impliquant les voies aériennes supérieures ou basses), il peut également provoquer plusieurs atteintes extrapulmonaires telles que les manifestations neurologiques
References
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Avicenna Medical Research vol 01, issue 03 (2022): 91-102
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diagnosis of COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20(9):1014-5. 37. Huang, C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395, 497-506 (2020). 38. Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, et al. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med 2020;382(23):2268-70. 39. Hayashi M, Sahashi Y, Baba Y, Okura H, Shimohata T. COVID- 19-associated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion. J Neurol Sci 2020; 415:116941. 40. Vespignani H, Colas D, Lavin BS, et al. Report of EEG finding on critically ill patients with COVID-19. Ann Neurol 2020;88(3):626-30. 41. Vellieux G, Rouvel-Tallec A, Jaquet P, Grinea A, Sonneville R, d'Ortho M-P. COVID-19 associated encephalopathy: is there a specific EEG pattern? Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131(8):1928-30. 42. Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, Nortley R, Wiethoff S, Bharucha T, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID- 19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain 2020. 43. Guilmot A, Maldonado Slootjes S, Sellimi A, et al. Immunemediated neurological syndromes in SARS-CoV-2infected patients. J Neurol 2020. 44. Méndez-Guerrero A, Laespada-García MI, Gómez-Grande A, et al. Acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurology 2020;95(15):2109–18. 45. Kremer S, Lersy F, Anheim M, et al. Neurologic and neuroimaging findings in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective
Avicenna Medical Research vol 01, issue 03 (2022): 91-102
multicenter study. Neurology 2020;95:1868–82. 46. Bellon M, Schweblin C, Lambeng N, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid features in SARSCoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients. Clin Infect Dis. [Internet. Cited 2020 Sep 21]. 47. Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, et al. A first case of menin-gitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int JInfect Dis 2020;94:55-8. 48. Merkler AE, Parikh NS, Mir S, et al. Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs. patients with influenza. JAMA Neurol [Internet] 2020. 49. Yaghi S, Ishida K, Torres J, et al. SARS2CoV-2 and stroke in a New York healthcare system. Stroke 2020;51(7):2002–11. 50. Fragiel M, Miró Ò, Llorens P, et al. Incidence, clinical, risk factors and outcomes of Guillain-Barré in Covid-19. Ann Neurol2021;89(3):598-603. 51. Lechien JR, Hopkins C, Saussez S. Letter to the Editor about the BeltránCorbellini, et al. Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of COVID-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based casecontrol study. Eur J Neurol 2020. 52. Moein ST, Hashemian SMR, Mansourafshar B, Khorram-Tousi A, Tabarsi P, Doty RL. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020.
2. Ellul. MA, Benjamin. L, Singh. B, et al. Neurological associations of COVID-19. Lancet Neurol 2020;19(9):767–83. 3. National Institute for Health Research. Living with Covid19 [Internet]. National Institute for Health Research; 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 19; Available from: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/themedreview /liv ing-with-covid19/]. 4. Meppiel, T. De Broucker. T. Manifestations neurologiques associées au COVID-19. Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pratique Neurologique- FMC 2021;12:89– 96. 5. Mao. L. et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 77, 683–690 (2020). 6. Toscano. G. et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2. N. Engl. J. Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009191 (2020). 7. de Seze. J. Les manifestations neurologiques de la COVID-19 The neurological manifestations of COVID-19. 8. Kremer S, et al. Brain MRI findings in severe COVID-19: a retrospective observational study. Radiology 2020;202222. 9. Sellal. F, Tazii. R, Ahle. G , Hautecloque. G. Manifestations neurologiques dans la pandémie de COVID-19. Pratique Neurologique – FMC 2020;11:147–151. 10. Zubair AS, McAlpine LS, Gardin T, Farhadian S, Kuruvilla DE, Spudich S. Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the coronaviruses in the
Avicenna Medical Research vol 01, issue 03 (2022): 91-102
100
age of coronavirus disease 2019: a review. JAMA Neurol 2020. 11. Desforges, M., Le Coupanec, A., Stodola, J. K., Meessen-Pinard, M. & Talbot, P. J. Human coronaviruses: viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis. Virus Res. 194, 145– 158 (2014). 12. Li Y, Bai W, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential ofSARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol 2020;92(6):552-5. 13. Sullivan BN, Fischer T. Age-associated neurologicalcomplications of COVID-19: A systematic review andmeta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021;13:653694. 14. McCray Jr PB, Pewe L, WohlfordLenane C, et al. Lethal infection of K18hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus. J Virol 2007;81(2):813-21. 15. Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Dubeau P, et al. Humancoronaviruses and other respiratory viruses: Under estimated opportunistic pathogens of the central nervous system? Viruses2019;12(1):14. 16. Lochhead JJ, Thorne RG. Intranasal delivery of biologics to thecentral nervous system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012;64(7):614-28. 17. Sharshar. T et al. Covid-19 et dysfonction du tronc cérébrale chez les patients en réanimation. Neuroréanimation, neurodiem 2021. 18. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis M, et al. Tissue distributionof ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavi-rus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol2004;203(2):631-7.
19. Teuwen, L.A., Geldhof, V., Pasut, A. & Carmeliet, P. COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed. Nat. Rev. Immunol (2020). 20. H. Khattab, A. Sikkal, S. Bellakhdar, H. El Otmani,B. El Moutawakil, M.A. Rafai. Neuro-Covid-19 et population gériatrique: quelles particularités ?. NPG NeurologiePsychiatrie-Gériatrie. 2022.01.005. 21. Trimaille A, Bonnet G. COVID-19 et pathologie thromboembo-lique veineuse. Ann Cardiol Angéiologie 2020;69(6):370-5. 22. Basille. D, Andrejak. C. Infection à SARS-CoV-2 : connaissances au 15 avril 2021 .Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 38 (2021) 616-625. 23. Moro E, Priori A, Beghi E, et al. The international European Aca-demy of Neurology survey on neurological symptoms in patientswith COVID-19 infection. Eur J Neurol 2020;27(9):172737. 24. Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-Maroto I, Fernández-Díaz E, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID- 19: the ALBACOVID registry. Neurology 2020; 95(8):e1060-7. 25. Mahammedi A, Saba L, Vagal A, et al. Imaging in neurological disease of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: an Italian multicenter retrospective observational study. Radiology 2020;97(2):270-3. 26. Agarwal P, Ray S, Madan A, Tyson B. Neurological manifestations in 404 COVID19 patients in Washington State. J Neurol 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415020-10087-z. 27. Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(15):889-90.
28. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020;277 (8):2251–61. 29. Rifino N, Censori B, Agazzi E, et al. Neurologic manifestations in 1760 COVID19 patients admitted to Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospi-tal, Bergamo, Italy. J Neurol 2020;7:1-8. 30. Meppiel E, Peiffer-Smadja N, Maury A, et al. Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19: a multicentric registry. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020. 31. Varatharaj A, Thomas N, Ellul MA, et al. Neurological and neuro- psychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7(10):875–83. 32. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, et al. GuillainBarré syndrome associated with SARSCoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol 2020;19:383-4. 33. Sotoca J, Rodríguez-Álvarez Y. COVID19-associated acute necrotizing myelitis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020;7(5):e803. 34. Gutiérrez-Ortiz C, Méndez A, RodrigoRey S, et al. Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology 2020;95 (5):601-5. 35. Filosto M, Piccinelli SC, Gazzina S, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19: an observational multicentre study from two Italian hotspot regions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet] 2020. 36. Bénézit F, Turnier PL, Declerck C, et al. Utility of hyposmia and hypogeusia for the
diagnosis of COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20(9):1014-5. 37. Huang, C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395, 497-506 (2020). 38. Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, et al. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med 2020;382(23):2268-70. 39. Hayashi M, Sahashi Y, Baba Y, Okura H, Shimohata T. COVID- 19-associated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion. J Neurol Sci 2020; 415:116941. 40. Vespignani H, Colas D, Lavin BS, et al. Report of EEG finding on critically ill patients with COVID-19. Ann Neurol 2020;88(3):626-30. 41. Vellieux G, Rouvel-Tallec A, Jaquet P, Grinea A, Sonneville R, d'Ortho M-P. COVID-19 associated encephalopathy: is there a specific EEG pattern? Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131(8):1928-30. 42. Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, Nortley R, Wiethoff S, Bharucha T, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID- 19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain 2020. 43. Guilmot A, Maldonado Slootjes S, Sellimi A, et al. Immunemediated neurological syndromes in SARS-CoV-2infected patients. J Neurol 2020. 44. Méndez-Guerrero A, Laespada-García MI, Gómez-Grande A, et al. Acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurology 2020;95(15):2109–18. 45. Kremer S, Lersy F, Anheim M, et al. Neurologic and neuroimaging findings in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective
Avicenna Medical Research vol 01, issue 03 (2022): 91-102
multicenter study. Neurology 2020;95:1868–82. 46. Bellon M, Schweblin C, Lambeng N, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid features in SARSCoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients. Clin Infect Dis. [Internet. Cited 2020 Sep 21]. 47. Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, et al. A first case of menin-gitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int JInfect Dis 2020;94:55-8. 48. Merkler AE, Parikh NS, Mir S, et al. Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs. patients with influenza. JAMA Neurol [Internet] 2020. 49. Yaghi S, Ishida K, Torres J, et al. SARS2CoV-2 and stroke in a New York healthcare system. Stroke 2020;51(7):2002–11. 50. Fragiel M, Miró Ò, Llorens P, et al. Incidence, clinical, risk factors and outcomes of Guillain-Barré in Covid-19. Ann Neurol2021;89(3):598-603. 51. Lechien JR, Hopkins C, Saussez S. Letter to the Editor about the BeltránCorbellini, et al. Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of COVID-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based casecontrol study. Eur J Neurol 2020. 52. Moein ST, Hashemian SMR, Mansourafshar B, Khorram-Tousi A, Tabarsi P, Doty RL. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020.
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