TRALI: A fatal risk of blood transfusion in postpartum hemorrhage - the last straw phenomenon

  • Rachida Mansouri 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mohamed Lamine Debaghine University Hospital Center Bab El Oued, Algiers,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Algiers 1 – Benyoucef Benkhedda
  • Abdelhamid Sadi Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mohamed Lamine Debaghine University Hospital Center Bab El Oued, Algiers,ty of Algiers 1 – Benyoucef Benkhedda
Keywords: Transfusion related acute lung injury, postpartum haemorrhage, transfusion

Abstract

Résumé

La Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) est une complication potentiellement grave associée à la transfusion sanguine. Elle se caractérise par une insuffisance respiratoire aiguë qui survient généralement dans les six heures suivant la transfusion de produits sanguins. Étant donné la similitude de ses symptômes avec ceux d'autres troubles respiratoires, le diagnostic peut parfois être difficile à établir. Toutefois, il est important de considérer ce diagnostic chez tout patient présentant des symptômes de détresse respiratoire aiguë après une transfusion. Nous rapportons ici le cas d'une patiente ayant survécu à une transfusion massive en raison d'une hémorragie post-partum, mais qui a développé un TRALI mortel deux jours après une retransfusion. Ce cas met en évidence l'importance pour les médecins d'évaluer soigneusement la nécessité de transfusion chez chaque patient, en prenant en compte les risques et les avantages potentiels de cette intervention médicale.

 Abstract

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is a potentially serious complication associated with blood transfusion. It is characterized by acute respiratory failure that typically occurs within 6 hours after the transfusion of blood  products. Given the similarity of its symptoms with those of other respiratory disorders, the diagnosis can sometimes be difficult to establish. However, it is important to consider this diagnosis in any patient presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory distress following a transfusion.

Here, we report the case of a patient who survived massive transfusion due to postpartum hemorrhage but unfortunately developed fatal TRALI two days after a retransfusion. This case highlights the importance for physicians to carefully evaluate the need for transfusion in each patient, taking into account the potential risks and benefits of this medical intervention.

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Published
2023-09-29
Section
original article