Indicators of Psychological Hardiness Among Parents of a Mentally Retarded Child (Defensive Shield Against the Misfortunes of Life)
Keywords:
Hardiness, Mental Disabilities, Parents of Children with Mental Disabilities, Mentally Retarded Child
Abstract
Psychological hardiness is considered as the protective, protector, inhibitor, detector of assumptions and automatic thoughts of a negative nature. as well as the pressures and problems that the parents of the mentally retarded child are exposed to Furthermore, their liberation from the prison of disability in the face of their son's disability and immunity against its reflection. However, as parents accept their mentally retarded child, believe in him and his abilities, challenge his disability and attempt to advance him by dominating and controlling disability and believing in the self by each of them’s commitment to what he does, this would embody the strength of psychological hardiness of the mentally retarded child’s parents.
This article highlights the psychological hardiness of the parents of children with mental retardation, as it is one of the significant features of the immune personality, so as to shed more light on how its variables work and its reflection on the mentally retarded child as well as the factors of its building to his parents
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Makhimer, A. (2002). Psychological Rigidity Questionnaire, "Survey Guide. “Cairo, An Anglo-Egyptian Library
Mcewen,K(2011). Building Resilience at work. Australian Academic Press
Mitoualli, P (2015). Introduction to Mental Disability - Explained Theories - Methods of Care. Saudi Arabia, Al-Rushd Library Publishers.
Motassim Mimouni, B (2005). Psychological and mental disorders in children and adolescents, Algeria, University Press.
Nabih, E (2001). Mental health factors, Egypt, ATRAC Publishing and Distribution.
Othman, F (2001). Anxiety and the Management of Psychological Stress, Egypt, Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi.
Saleh Al-Mouraab, M. (2013) Cognitive methods and parental pressures among working mothers. Jordan, All rights reserved to the publisher.
Seligman, M. (2002). True happiness. Using talk in positive psychology to discern what you have for a more fulfilling life. Dar. Translation: Safaa El-Assar and Others (2005). Cairo, Dar Al-Ain Publishing.
Abdel Hamid, M. (1999) Teaching activities and skills for mentally handicapped children, Cairo, Arab Dar Fikr.
Abou Halaoua, M, (2014), Positive Psychology, Its Essence, Its Theoretical Bases and its Future Prospects, Issue 34, Publications of the Arab Psychological Science Foundation, P.13.
Al-Khaldi, A (2009) The reference in mental health, a new theory, Jordan, Dar Wael Publishing.
Al-Nabigha, F (2016), From the stress of daily life to psychological well-being. Cairo, Dar Gharib for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Nawaisa, P (2013). people with special needs introduce and guide them. Jordan, Dar Al-Manahij for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Qamsh, M. (2011) Theoretical and Practice Mental Disability. Amman, Dar Al Masira for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Qaryouti, A (2008). Jordanian mothers accept Hasan Allaoui, M. (1978). Sports Psychology, Cairo, Dar Al-Maarif. P. 98 for their handicapped children, The Jordanian Journal of Educational Sciences, Vol. 4 (3), 167-177.
Al-Quraiti, A.T. (2005). Psychology of people with special needs and their education. TA 4. Arab Thought House, Cairo.
Ben Saif Al-Rajibi, J, and Sheikh Hammoud, M. (2018): The psychological hardiness of post-basic education teachers in the Al-Batinah South Governorate and its relationship to some demographic variables, Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, Sultan Qaboos University, 16, (1) Pp. 58 to 75.
Chan J.L. and Tramoto Pedrotti. J, and Cinder, S.G. (2015). Seeing our future through self-activity, optimism and hope. Translated by: Ghobari Thaer Ahmad. In Chan.G. Lopez, and Tramoto Pedrotti. Jennifer and Cinder S.G. (Edit). Positive Psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths, positive psychology. Translation and review by: Ghobari Thaer Ahmad, (2018). Amaan, Dar Al Fikr Publishers and Distributors.
Citrin, R. S, Alan weiss (2016). the resilience advantage stops managing stress and find your resilience, Business Expert press, USA.
Hassan Al-Bataa, A.A., and Israa, R. (2014). Designing educational games for the mentally handicapped (theoretical and applied). Alexandria, The New University House.
Hiba, H. Ta, R. Ghanim, M. (Avril, 2017). Positive psychotherapy program to develop a sense of meaning of life among a sample of adolescents with visual impairment, Journal of Psychological Counseling, Part 1 (50). Pp. 209-210
Hidjazi, M. (2012). Unleashing life energies, readings in positive psychology. Beirut, Al-Tanwir for printing, publishing and distribution.
Hidjazi, M. (2015). The family and its mental health (constituents, dynamics, operations). Morocco, the Arab Cultural Center.
Hulka, P (2016). Psychological hardness and its relationship to all those who endure distress and the basic dimensions of personality among a sample of Lebanese adolescents, PhD thesis, Beirut Arab University, Beirut.
Khalifa, and Ali Issa, M. (2015), Modern Trends in Special Education, Alexandria, Dar Wafaa for the World of Printing and Publishing.
Maamaria, B (2019). Legalization of the Psychological Rigidity Scale in the Algerian Society, Arab Journal of Psychology, No. 4, Volume 1 (4), pp. 50-51
Maamaria, b, Positive psychology, a new direction to study human powers and virtues, psychological studies.
Maddi,SR (2013)، Hardiness turning stressful Cirumstances into Resilient Growth,acid –free paper, new York.
Makhimer, A. (2002). Psychological Rigidity Questionnaire, "Survey Guide. “Cairo, An Anglo-Egyptian Library
Mcewen,K(2011). Building Resilience at work. Australian Academic Press
Mitoualli, P (2015). Introduction to Mental Disability - Explained Theories - Methods of Care. Saudi Arabia, Al-Rushd Library Publishers.
Motassim Mimouni, B (2005). Psychological and mental disorders in children and adolescents, Algeria, University Press.
Nabih, E (2001). Mental health factors, Egypt, ATRAC Publishing and Distribution.
Othman, F (2001). Anxiety and the Management of Psychological Stress, Egypt, Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi.
Saleh Al-Mouraab, M. (2013) Cognitive methods and parental pressures among working mothers. Jordan, All rights reserved to the publisher.
Seligman, M. (2002). True happiness. Using talk in positive psychology to discern what you have for a more fulfilling life. Dar. Translation: Safaa El-Assar and Others (2005). Cairo, Dar Al-Ain Publishing.
Published
2021-09-30
How to Cite
SGATNI, M., & ZERZOUR, A. (2021). Indicators of Psychological Hardiness Among Parents of a Mentally Retarded Child (Defensive Shield Against the Misfortunes of Life). Social Sciences Journal, 15(2), 521-536. https://doi.org/10.34118/ssj.v15i2.1591
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