The development of language levels in children with intellectual disabilities
Abstract
This study aims to provide a clear conception of the different models of acquisition of language levels for children with intellectual disabilities with special needs. To achieve this, the two researchers reviewed some of the literature and previous studies that addressed this topic. And using the descriptive comparative approach between the normal development of normal children and mentally handicapped children by following the growth of the language levels represented in the phonological level, the grammatical level, the semantic level and their pragmatic level. And it became clear by comparing the two groups of children, that mentally handicapped children follow the same universal principles regarding the acquisition of the four language levels, but with different lags than they have compared to normal children.
References
تمام، حسان. (1400ه). مناهج البحث في اللغة. الدار البيضاء. مطبعة دار الثقافة.
الروسان، فاروق. (2000). مقدمة في الاضطرابات اللغوية. ط1. الرياض.دار الزهراء.
عبيد السيد، ماجدة. (2013). الإعاقة العقلية. ط3. عمان. دار صفاء للنشر والتوزيع.
عكاشة، محمود. (2013). النظرية البراغماتية اللسانية (التداولية) "دراسة المفاهيم والنشأة والمبادئ". ط1. القاهرة. مكتبة الآداب.
عمايرة، موسى وآخرون. (2007). تعليم الطلبة ذوي الحاجات الخاصة. ط1. عمان. دار الفكر.
عمر بن الصديق، لينا. (2015). البرامج التربوية للأطفال المضطربين لغوياً من ذوي الإعاقة. مجلة المنال.
عمر، أحمد مختار. (1998). علم الدلالة. ط5. القاهرة. عالم الكتب.
متولي، فكري لطيف. (2015). أساليب التدريس للمعاقين عقليا – ملحق حقائب التدريب الميداني للمعاقين عقليا-. دار الشروق للنشر.
Abbeduto, L., & Rosenberg, S., (1993). Language and communication in mental retardation. Hillsdale, New Jersey. Erlbaum.
Beeghly, M., Weiss-Perry, B., & Cicchetti, D.(1990). Beyond sensorimotor functioning.Early communicative and play development of children with Down syndrome. In D.Cicchetti & M. Beeghly (Eds.), Children with Down syndrome: A developmental perspective (pp.329-368). New York. Cambridge University Press.
Bloom, L., Rocissano, L., & Hood, L.(1976). Adult-child discourse: Developmental interaction between information processing and linguistic knowledge. Cognitive Psychology.
Brown, R. (1973). A first language. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®), Fifth Edition (2013).
Dodd, B.J.(1976). A comparison of the phonological systems of mental-age-matched severely subnormal and Down’s syndrome children. British Journal of Disorders of Communication.
Ferrier, L., Bashir, A., Meryash, D., Johnston, J., & Wolff, P. (1991). Conversational skills of individuals with fragile X syndrome: A comparision with autism and Down syndrome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology.
Fowler, A. (1990).Language abilities in children with Down syndrome: Evidence for a specific syntactic delay. In D.Cicchetti & M.Beeghly(Eds.),Children with Down syndrome: A developmental perspective. New York. Cambridge University Press.
Golinkoff, R., Mervis, C., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (1994). Early object lebels: The case for a developmental lexical principles framework. Journal of Child Language.
Kuczaj, S. A., II. (1986). Thoughts on the intentional basis of early object word extension: Evidence from comprehension and production. In S.A. Kuczaj, II, & M.D.Barrett (Eds.), the development of word meaning. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Markman, E., & Wachtel, G. (1988). Children use of mutual exclusivity to constrain the meaning of workds. Cognitive Psychology.
Mervis, C., Rosch, E. (1981). Categorization of natural objects. Annual Review of Psychology.
Miller, J. (1988). The developmental asynchrony of language development in children with Down syndrome. In L.Nadel, (Ed.), the psychobiology of Down syndrome (pp.167-198). Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.
Tager-Flushberg. H. (1985). The conceptual basis for referential work meaning in children with autism. Child Développent.
Copyright (c) 2022 Social Sciences Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.