Smoking among school students in Al-Aflaj Governorate: causes and methods of control
Abstract
Smoking is one of the main dangers that affect human health, both physical and psychological. There is no doubt that there are many different reasons that lead to the spread of this bad habit, and these reasons differ from one person to another, and from one environment to another. By knowing these reasons, we can educate the family and society about the methods that help limit the spread of this phenomenon. Based on the goals of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in serving the local community and maintaining the health of family and community members from the scourge of smoking, especially the youth students, this study was conducted to identify the smoking rate among the students (middle and high school) in Al-Aflaj Governorate in Saudi Arabia, as well as Knowing the most important reasons leading to the practice of smoking among students of these levels. To achieve this goal, the study used the descriptive survey method, where a questionnaire was designed distributed on several axes, and was distributed to the study population consisting of (2135) students, representing all the ruled boys' students in middle and secondary schools at the schools in Al-Aflaj governorate in 1440 H (2018). The results showed that the percentage of smokers among middle and high school students (boys) in Al-Aflaj Governorate was 6%. The age group for students who smoke is between 12-16 years, and represented 59% of the total number of smokers in the study population. The relationship of smoking to drug addiction came third, and then social damage to smoking came fourth, while economic damage to smoking came in fifth and last. The study also showed that, 35% of the respondent’s smokers believe that the school and teachers do not play the role assigned to them in the fight against smoking among school students. The study also showed that 60% of smokers believe that the Charitable Association for Smoking Control (Bahaa) in Al-Aflaj Governorate does not play the role it is entrusted with combating smoking.
References
إسماعيل كتبخانة، محمد نوري، العوامل النفس اجتماعية المرتبطة بمدى فعالية برامج مكافحة التدخين، مجلة جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، جدة، مركز النشر العلمي،1999.
حسان جعفر، المخدرات والتدخين ومضارها، لبنان، دار الحرف العربي.2002.
رداح الخطيب، احمد الخطيب، وجيه الفرح، الإدارة والإشراف التربوي، دار الأمل،2000.
عادل الدمرداش، الإدمان: مظاهره وعلاجه، عالم المعرفة، العدد(56)،1982.
عز الدين النشاري، سينوت حليم، التدخين دراسة علمية هادفة، الرياض، دار المريخ للنشر، 1987.
محمد القضماني، محمد الزحيلي، التدخين داؤه ودواؤه، ط1، الكويت، 1999.
مصطفى محرم، التدخين أثره في الجسم والعقل وطريقة إبطاله، ط4، القاهرة مكتبة وهبة، 1983.
نجدي حبشي، دوافع سلوك التدخين كما يدركها المدخنون وغير المدخنون، مجلة البحث في التربية وعلم النفس، المينيا، جامعة المينيا،1991.
Bawazeer A.A., Hattab A.S., Morales E. First cigarette smoking experience among secondary school students in Aden, Republic of Yemen. EMHJ, 1999.; 5(3):440-449.
Boupha K., Vongphosy T., Setup U., Muangpasert K.The prevalence and its correlation on smoking behavior among secondary school children in 6 provinces of Lao. PDR, 1999.
Center for Disease Control (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults- United States, and changes in the definitions of current cigarette smoking, MMWR, 1992; 43:342-346.
Centers for Control Disease (CDC), Global Youth Tobacco survey, 1999-2001.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Tobacco use among high school students- United States, 1997. MMWR; 47 (12):229-233.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994; 43:1–18.
Chassin L., Presson C., Sherman S.J., Edwards D.A. The natural history of cigarette smoking: Predicting young adult smoking outcomes from adolescent smoking patterns. Health psychology, 1990; 9(6): 701-716
Conrad KM, Flay BR, Hill D. Why children start smoking cigarettes: predictors of onset. Br J Addict 1992; 87:1711–24.
Ershler J., Leventhal H., Fleming R. and Glynn K.The quitting experience for smokers in sixth through twelfth grades. Addictive Behavoirs, 1989; 14:365-378.
Flay BR, Hu FB, Siddiqui O, et al. Differential influence of parental smoking and friends’ smoking on adolescent initiation and escalation of smoking. J Health Soc Behav 1994; 35:248–65.
Gadalla S., Aboul-fotouh A., El-Setouhy M., Mikhail N., Abdel-Aziz F., Mohamed M. K., Kamal A., Israel E. Prevalence of smoking among rural secondary school students in Qualyobia Governorate. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, Vol. 33(3) Dec. 2003(Supplement):1031-1050.
Hu FB, Flay BR, Hedeker D, et al. The influences of friends’ and parental smoking on adolescent smoking behavior: the effects of time and prior smoking. J Applied Soc Psychology 1995; 25:2018–47.
Institute of Medicine. Growing up tobacco free: preventing nicotine addiction in children and youth. Washington DC: Institute of Medline, National Academy Press, 1994.
Jacobson P, Lantz P, Warner K, et al. Combating teen smoking: research and
Kobus K. Peers and adolescent smoking. Addiction 2003;98:S 37–55.
Moore L, Roberts C, Tudor-Smith C. School smoking policies and smoking prevalence among adolescents: multilevel analysis of cross-sectional data from Wales. Tobacco Control 2001; 10:117–23.
Ogawa H, Tominaga S, Gellert G, et al. Smoking among junior high school students in Nagoya, Japan. Int J Epidemiol 1988; 17:814–20.
Pasvola M, Vartiainen E, Puska P. Predicting adult smoking: the influence of smoking during adolescence and smoking among friends and family. Health Educ Res 1996; 11:309–15.
policy strategies. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2001.
Poulsen LH, Osler M, Roberts C, et al. Exposure to teachers smoking and adolescent smoking behaviour: analysis of cross-sectional data from Denmark. Tobacco Control 2002; 11:246–51.
Shibata A, Fukuda K, Hirohata T. Smoking habits among senior high school students and related factors. Kurume Med J 1990; 37:129–40.
Smoking in Canada. Toronto public health in www.toronto.ca/health, 2003.
Stanton WR, Lowe JB, Silva PA. Antecedents of vulnerability and resilience to smoking among adolescents. J Adolesc Health 1995; 16:71–7.
Trong L.N., Thuy T.T., Phong D.N. Vietnam National Prevalence of smoking survey, study reports on tobacco smoking prevalence and related diseases in Vietnam. Ministry of Health and Vietnam committee on smoking and health, Hanoi Vietnam.,1999.
Tyas SL, Pederson LL. Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tobacco Control 1998; 7:409–20.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing tobacco use: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2000.
Wang S, Yu J, Zhu B, et al. Cigarette smoking and its risk factors among senior high school students in Beijing, China, 1988. Tobacco Control 1994; 3:107–14.
Zhu B, Liu M, Shelton D, et al. Cigarette smoking and its risk factors among elementary school students in Beijing. Am J Public Health 1996; 86:368–75.
Copyright (c) 2021 Social Sciences Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.