Manuscript Preparation: General Considerations

• Research manuscripts should comprise:
  • Front matter: Title, Author list, Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords:
  • These sections should appear in all manuscript types
    • Title: The title of your manuscript should be concise, specific and relevant. It should identify if the study reports trial data, or is a systematic review, meta-analysis. 
    • Author List and Affiliations: Authors' full first and last names must be provided. The initials of any middle names can be added. At least one author should be designated as corresponding author, and his or her email address and other details should be included at the end of the affiliation section. Please read the criteria to qualify for authorship. After acceptance, no updates to author names or affiliations will be permitted.
    • Abstract: The abstract should be a total of about 200 words. The abstract should be a single paragraph and should follow the style of structured abstracts but without headings: 1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; 2) Methods: Describe briefly the main methods applied. 3) Results: Summarize the article's main findings, and 4) Conclusion: Indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article: it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.
    • Keywords: Three to six pertinent keywords need to be added after the abstract. We recommend that the keywords be specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline. Jel Classification Codes: see JEL.
  • Research manuscript sections: Introduction, Results, Discussion, Methods, and conclusions.
  • Back matter: Supplementary Materials, Acknowledgments, Author Contributions, Conflicts of Interest, and References.
• Review manuscripts should comprise the front matter, literature review sections, and the back matter. The template file can also be used to prepare the front and back matter of your review manuscript. It is not necessary to follow the remaining structure. 
• Graphical abstract: Authors are encouraged to provide a graphical abstract as a self-explanatory image to appear alongside the text abstract in the Table of Contents. Figures should be high-quality images in any common image format. Note that images displayed online will be up to 11 by 9 cm on screen and the figure should be clear at this size.
• Abbreviations should be defined in parentheses the first time they appear in the abstract, main text, or figure or table captions and used consistently thereafter.
• Equations: If you are using Word, please use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the MathType add-on. Equations should be editable by the editorial office and not appear in a picture format.
• Research Data and supplementary materials: Note that publication of your manuscript implies that you must make all data associated with the publication available to readers. Disclose at the submission stage any restrictions on the availability of materials or information. 

Research Manuscript Sections

• Introduction: The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance, including specific hypotheses being tested. The current state of the research field should be reviewed carefully and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the main conclusions. Keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists working outside the topic of the paper.
• Results: Provide a concise and precise description of the applied results, their interpretation and the practical conclusions that can be drawn.
• Discussion: Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted from the perspective of previous studies and of the working hypotheses. The findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest context possible, with the limitations of the work highlighted. Future research directions may also be mentioned. This section may be combined with Results.
• Methods: They should be described with sufficient detail to allow others to replicate and build on published results. New methods should be described in detail, while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited. Give the name and version of any software used and make clear whether the computer code used is available. 
• Conclusions: This section is not mandatory, but can be added to the manuscript if the discussion is unusually long or complex.
• Supplementary Materials: Describe any supplementary material published online alongside the manuscript (figure, tables, videos, spreadsheets, etc.). Please indicate the name and title of each element as follows: Figure S1: title, Table S1: title, etc.
• Acknowledgments: All sources of funding for the study should be disclosed. Clearly indicate grants that you have received in support of your research work and if you received funds to cover publication costs. Note that some funders will not refund article processing charges (APC) if the funder and grant number are not clearly and correctly identified in the paper. Funding information can be entered separately into the submission system by the authors during the submission of their manuscripts.
• Author Contributions: Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; DJEI has approved the submitted version (and version substantially edited by journal staff that involves the author’s contribution to the study); DJEI agrees to be personally accountable for the author’s own contributions and for ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved, and documented in the literature.
  
• Conflicts of Interest: Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interests that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. If there is no conflict of interest, please state, "The authors declare no conflict of interest." Any role of the funding sponsors in the choice of the research project, the design of the study, the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. 
• References: References must be cited and numbered according to APA method Automatically.