Section 1 No Article Processing Charges (Diamond OA)

To eliminate financial barriers to scholarly dissemination and support global knowledge exchange, DJEI charges no submission fees, no editorial processing charges (APCs), and no publication fees. The journal is fully supported and funded by the Faculty of Economic, Commercial and Management Sciences at Amar Telidji University of Laghouat, Algeria.

Section 2 Licensing & Terms of Reuse (CC BY-NC 4.0)

All articles published in DJEI are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Under this license:

• Share & Adapt: Readers are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium or format.
• Attribution: Appropriate credit must be given to the original authors and DJEI as the original venue of publication, providing a link to the license and indicating if changes were made.
• Non-Commercial Use: The material may not be used for commercial purposes without prior written authorization from the copyright holders.

Section 3 Author Rights & Self-Archiving Policy

Authors retain unrestricted copyright over their published works without constraints, granting DJEI the right of first publication. Authors are permitted and actively encouraged to deposit and self-archive all versions of their articles (Preprint, Author Accepted Manuscript, and Published Version / PDF) in institutional repositories, subject repositories, personal websites, and scientific social networks immediately upon publication.