La gestion des compétences, un outil de gestion au service de la transformation organisationnelle : une revue intégrative (1985-2025) Competency Management as a Managerial Tool for Organizational
Abstract
This integrative review traces the evolution of skills management over forty years (1985-2025) and positions it as a central management tool in organizational transformation dynamics. Based on a multidisciplinary corpus of 31 publications (academic articles, institutional reports, and legislative texts), the diachronic analysis identifies three major phases: (i) the emergence of the skills-performance link (1985-2007), (ii) institutionalization through workforce planning (2006-2018), and (iii) contemporary reconfiguration around digitalization, collective intelligence, and sustainability (2020-2025). The main contribution lies in an integrative synthesis that sheds light on the hybridization process of management tools, while also highlighting persistent blind spots (challenges for SMEs, organizational unlearning, and limitations of systemic integration). This article proposes avenues for empowering and sustainable skills management, and sheds light on the theoretical implications for organizational learning models as well as the practical implications for designing resilient HR ecosystems. This analysis enriches the theory of management tools by showing how skills management has evolved from a representational tool to an interactive socio-technical infrastructure.
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