Drug Abuse and Smuggling Crimes: Causes, Methods, and Interconnections
Abstract
Drugs are the scourge of the age that has ravaged humanity and terrorized the international community without distinguishing between developed and developing ones. It is indeed one of the most serious crimes that constitute a source of concern for governments because of its worst effects and frightening dimensions in the economic, health, security and political fields. Rather, it has become a dangerous corrupt criminal activity that has contributed to Destroying social values and squandering the productive energies of peoples, causing human wealth to decay and public security to turmoil, as well as affecting the vital interests of states.
Despite the prevention efforts and the multiplicity of specialized international agencies to study criminal phenomena and find solutions to combat them, drug crimes are getting more complex day after day, especially after the use of information networks and the media, which has increased the ability of production and promotion gangs to exchange experiences that help them develop their criminal activities. And the completion of deals quickly, in addition to the use of advanced techniques in drug smuggling operations, which contributed to the spread of this scourge to become one of the most prominent complex crimes that break into abuse and smuggling in many fields that have repercussions on societies and herald disasters
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References
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2. Abu Al-Rous, A. (1990). The Problem of Drugs and Addiction. Alexandria: University Publications House.
3. Abu Haltem, A. H. (2014). Dictionary of Medical Terms (1st ed.). Amman: Al-Bashir Publishing House.
4. Akkoun, M. (n.d.). Drug and Psychotropic Substance Smuggling Crime. Al-Badr Journal.
5. Al-Arabi, A. A. (2007). Drugs and Globalization: "Drug Trade and North-South Relations in the Light of Globalization". Scientific symposium held from 02-04-2007. Riyadh: Publications of the Center for Studies and Research, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences.
6. Al-Arfi, F., & Al-Adwani, L. I. (2010). Drug Crimes in the Light of Islamic Jurisprudence and Legislation. Aïn M'lila: Al-Huda Publishing House.
7. Al-Marashda, Y. A. (2018). The Crime of Drugs: A Scourge Threatening International Society (1st ed.). Amman: Al-Hamed Library Publishing and Distribution.
8. Amrouche, H. (1993). Drugs: The Devil's Empire, Addiction Definition, Treatment (1st ed.). Beirut: Al-Nafaes Publishing House.
9. Article 16/1 of the Arab Convention. (1994). Arab Convention against the Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.
10. Awad, M. (1966). Penal Code (Special, Drug Crimes), Customs and Monetary Smuggling. Cairo: Modern Egyptian Office for Printing and Publishing.
11. Bassaid, M. K. (2014-2015). Drugs and Smuggling Culture on the Western Algerian Borders. Doctoral dissertation in the sciences. Tlemcen, Algeria: Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen.
12. Belgraf, S. (2015). The Rights of the Accused in Criminal Nature Customs Disputes. Doctoral dissertation. Algeria: University of Biskra.
13. Ben El Nawi, A. (2020, 09). A Study on the Reality of the Phenomenon and Prevention Methods. Social Empowerment Journal, 2(3).
14. Bin Abdullah, A. (2014). Social Work in the Field of Drug Control (1st ed.). Amman: Al-Hamde Publishing and Distribution House.
15. Boubidi, L. (2012, 09). The Reality of Drug Use in Algerian Society. Human and Social Sciences Journal(3).
16. BraKhlia, A., & Jallab, M. (2021). The Drug Problem from the Perspective of Islamic Religion and Some Theoretical Psychological Schools. Minarat Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(1).
17. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in collaboration with Europol. (2019). Key Points in the Report, Drug Markets in Europe: Policies and Practices for 2019. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
18. Fattouh, M. (2011). Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Money Laundering. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) for the Middle East and North Africa.
19. Ghazaf, M. (2010). Drug Crimes and Their Practical Procedures (1st ed.). Marrakech: Al-Waraqa Al-Wataniya.
20. Ghoneim, K. I. (2002). The Harm of Drug Use and Its Impact on Society. Amman: National Library House.
21. Hajjaj, K. (2021). The Phenomenon of Drug Use in Algerian Society and Prevention Methods from a Shari'ah Perspective. Al-Dhakira Journal for Islamic Research and Studies, 5(1).
22. Hayasat, A. H. (2018). Drug Control in International Law: A Comparative Study. Jordan: International Scientific Publishing House.
23. Kaci, S. Y. (2007-2008). The Strategy for Combating Drug Crimes at the International and Arab Levels. Doctoral dissertation. Algiers, Algeria: University of Algiers, Ben Youcef Ben Khedda.
24. Kaddour, Y. (2020). Implications of Drug Trafficking and Trade on National Security in the Maghreb Region. Political Horizons Journal, 4(3).
25. Kafi, M. Y. (2014). Crimes of Corruption (1st ed.). Amman: Al-Ruwad Publishing House.
26. Law No. 04-18. (2004, 12 26). Concerning the prevention of drugs and psychotropic substances and the suppression of their illicit use and trafficking. (83). Algeria: Official Gazette of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria.
27. Marouk, N. (2010). Drug-Related Crime in Light of Laws and International Agreements. Houma Publishing House.
28. Mohamed, A. A.-N. (2008). The Problem of Drug Use: Factors, Effects, and Countermeasures (1st ed.). Giza: International Publishing and Distribution House.
29. Mohyeddin, A. M. (2014). The Role of the Family and Society in Protecting Children from Falling into the Trap of Addiction to Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs. Amman: Malak Library.
30. Qazan, A. (2005). Drug Addiction and Family Breakdown: A Sociological Study (1st ed.). Amman: Al-Hamde Publishing and Distribution House.
31. Radio, A. (2024). The National Gendarmerie seized more than 26 tons of processed cannabis and 147 kg of cocaine during the year 2024. .
32. Rahmania, S. (2018). Reasons for the Spread of the Drug Phenomenon in Algeria. Journal of the Social Researcher(14).
33. Reuters. (2025). Global cocaine boom Keeps setting new records, UN report.
34. Saleh, S. (1977). Drugs: Their Harms and Causes of Their Spread (3rd ed.). Amman: National Library.
35. Saqr, N. (2006). Drug Crimes in Algerian Legislation. Aïn M'lila: Al-Huda Publishing House.
36. Saqr, N. (2015). The Mediator in Explaining Traffic Crime and Drug Crimes. Ain M'lila: Al-Huda Printing, Publishing, and Distribution House.
37. Shafi, N. (2014, 02). Drug Crimes, Addiction, and Their Prevention. Retrieved from We and the Law Publications: https://www.lebarmy.gov.lb/ar/content
38. Shallala, N. N. (2010). Organized Crime: A Comparative Study (Through Jurisprudence, Studies, and International Agreements) (1st ed.). Beirut: Al-Halabi Legal Publications.
39. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol. (1979). New York, United States: United Nations Publications.
40. The National Office for Combating Drugs and Addiction. (2024).
41. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2025).
42. WorldDrug Report. (2018). The Drug Problem, Organized Crime, Illicit Financial Flows, Corruption, and Terrorism. 05: United Nations Office.
Published
2026-06-10
How to Cite
Rahmani , H. (2026). Drug Abuse and Smuggling Crimes: Causes, Methods, and Interconnections. Journal of Science and Knowledge Horizons, 6(2), 333-353. https://doi.org/10.34118/jskp.v6i2.4636
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
