Factors of intellectual deviation in European life
Abstract
This research aims to highlight the factors that contributed to the emergence of intellectual deviation in Western societies, as the principal in the history of ancient and modern Europe realizes that there are a combination of factors that contributed to this, and introduced deviation into Western societies of all kinds and forms.
It is noteworthy that this deviation did not crystallize at once, as it was one of the most important reasons and factors that arose gradually: factors related to thought and science, Christianity became compatible with secular thought, as the scientific decline appeared in Western societies, such as the fight against science and scientists, the conflict between church and science, and the orientation of Europe towards philosophical and mental sciences.
Ethical, behavioural and psychological factors also contributed to the emergence of intellectual deviation in Europe, where the Church took over people's necks and practised various types of corruption.
In addition, the prevailing political situation contributed to this deviation, and Jews clearly took advantage of it.
References
Materialism, a Critical Comparison of Structure and Approach, Nabil Ali Salih, Contemporary Terminology Series, Islamic Center for Strategic Studies - Najaf - Iraq, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
What did the world lose with the decline of Muslims, Abu Al-Hasan Al-Nadawi, Publisher: Al-Iman Library, Mansoura - Egypt, (Dr. I), (D. T).
False detectors, Abdul Rahman Al-Maidani, Publisher: Dar Al-Qalam - Damascus, Edition (2) 1412 AH - 1991 AD.
Modern Islamic Thought and its Relation to Western Colonialism, Muhammad Al-Bahi, Publisher: Wahba Library - Cairo, vol. (10), (Dr. T).
Sources of Islamic Studies, Yusuf bin Abd al-Rahman al-Maraachli, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah - Beirut, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
Islamic and secular law, Muhammad Emara, Dar Al-Shorouk - Cairo, Edition (1) 1423 AH - 2003 AD.
Islam is not secularism, debate with d. Fouad Zakaria, Dar Al Da`wah - Kuwait, I (1) 1412 A.H. - 1992 A.D.
Essays on the Philosophy of Emergence and Development, Shibli al-Shumayl, al-Muqtatif, Cairo, vol. (2) 1940 AD.
The Story of Civilization, William James Durant, Presented by: Muhyiddin Saber, Translated by: Zaki Najeeb Mahmoud and others, Publisher: Dar Al-Jil - Beirut, the Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science - Tunisia, Publication year: 1408 AH - 1988 AD, (Dr. I).
History of Europe in the Middle Ages, prof. H. Fisher, translated by: Mustafa Ziyadah, (Dr. N), Egypt 1966 AD, (Dr. I).
History of Europe in the Middle Ages, Saeed Abdel Fattah Ashour, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya - Beirut, vol. (2) 1436 AH-2015 AD.
History of Europe in the Middle Ages, Muhammad Hamza Hassan, Lubna Riyad Abdul Majeed, Dar Ghaida for Publishing and Distribution - Amman, Edition (1) 1436 AH - 2015 AD.
The History of Europe, Shawky El-Gamal, Abdullah Abdel-Razek, The Egyptian Office for Publications Distribution - Cairo, 2000 AD, (Dr. I).
Illusions of the Mind, a Reading in the New Organon by Francis Bacon, Adel Mostafa, Hindawi CIC-Cairo, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
Faith and Scientific Progress, Khalis Mujeeb Chalabi, Hani Rizk, Dar Al-Fikr - Damascus, I (1) 1421 A.H - 2000 A.D.
The Easy Encyclopedia of Contemporary Religions, Doctrines and Parties, World Assembly of Muslim Youth, Supervision, Planning and Review: Manea Bin Hammad Al-Juhani, Publisher: Dar Al-Nadwa International for Printing, Publishing and Distribution - Riyadh, Edition (4) 1420 AH.
Atheism is a psychological problem, Amr Sharif, reviewed and submitted by: Ahmed Okasha, New Book for Publishing and Distribution - Cairo, I (1) 1437 AH - 2016 AD.
Contemporary materialistic thought in the Arab countries and the position of Islamic thought towards it (unpublished doctorate), Saud bin Salman Al Saud, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 1993 AD.
Western leaders say they have destroyed Islam, exterminated its people, Jalal Al-Alam = Abdul Wadud Yusuf Al-Dimashqi, (Dr. N), (Dr. M), Publication date: 1395 AH - 1974 AD, (Dr. I).
Lexicon of the Philosophers (Philosophers - Logicalists - Theologians - Mystics), George Tarabishi, Dar Al-Talee'ah for Printing and Publishing - Beirut, 3rd edition 2006 AD.
Lexicon of Space Sciences and Modern Astronomy, Imad Mujahid, Dar Al-Yazuri Scientific for Publishing and Distribution - Amman, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
A History of the Eighteenth Century in Europe, Matthew Anderson, Arabization: Noureddine Hatoum, Dar Al-Fikr, (Dr. M), edition (1) 1397AH-1977AD.
The Darwinian theory of evolution is a myth in the name of science, Talib Al-Janabi, Dar Al-Adwaa for printing, publishing and distribution - Beirut, I (1) 1410 AH-1989 AD.
Man Between Materialism and Islam, Muhammad Qutb, Dar Al-Shorouk, (Dr. M), I (9) 1408AH-1988AD.
Books that Changed the World, Julian Huxley, Arabic translation: Dar Al-Ilm - Beirut, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
History of Science, Inventions, Discoveries, and Scientists, Claude Brzezinski, Translated by: Sarah Ragai Youssef, Hindawi Foundation for Education and Culture - Cairo, Edition (1) 2015 AD.
Lectures on Christianity, Muhammad Abu Zahra, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi - Cairo, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
The Negation of Theology, Michel Onfrey, Translated by: Mubarak Al-Arousi, , Al-Jamal Publications, Baghdad - 2012 AD, I (1), (Dr. I).
Milestones of the History of Humanity, H-G, Wells, translated by: Abdul Aziz Tawfiq Jawid, (Dr. N), (Dr. M), Edition (3) 1972 AD.
Secularism in Islam, Inaam Ahmed Kadouh, Dar Al-Seerah - Beirut, Edition (1) 1995 AD.
Separating Religion from the State, Ismail Al-Kilani, (Dr. N), Beirut, I (2) 1407 AH-1987 AD.
Between Al-Rashad and Al-Teh, Malik Bin Nabi, investigation and supervision: Symposium by Malik Bin Nabi, Publisher: Dar Al-Fikr - Damascus, Edition (1) 1978 AD.
The Fall of Secularism, Anwar Al-Jundi, The Lebanese Book House, School Library - Beirut, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
Secularism - Its Origin, Development, and Implications for Contemporary Islamic Life, Safar bin Abd al-Rahman al-Hawali, Publisher: Dar al-Hijrah - Riyadh, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
The Unique Scout on Demolition Shovels and the Negatives of Monotheism, Khaled Muhammad Ali Al-Hajj, (Dr. N), State of Qatar, 1403 AH-1983 AD, (Dr. I).
Science and Religion in Contemporary Philosophy, Emile Potro, translated by: Ahmed Fouad Al-Ahwany, published by: The Egyptian General Book Organization - Cairo, in 1973 AD, (Dr. I).
The Invalidation of the Origins of the Rationalists, Suleiman bin Salih Al-Kharashi, Dar Ulum Al-Sunna, (Dr. M). (D.T), (D.T).
Reasons for how to deal with contemporary intellectual suspicions, Ahmed Youssef Al-Sayed, Takween for Studies and Research - Britain, vol. (3) 1438 AH-2017 AD.
Contemporary Thought in the Light of the Islamic Creed, Yahya Hashem Farghal, (Dr. N), (Dr. M), 1419 AH-1998 AD, (Dr. I).
Summary of Contemporary Religions and Doctrines, Nasser Al-Qafari, Nasser Al-Aql, Dar Al-Sumaie for Publishing - Riyadh, Edition (1) 1413 AH-1992 AD.
Contemporary Intellectual Doctrines, Presentation and Criticism, Mahmoud Muhammad Mazroua, Knowledge Treasures Library - Saudi Arabia, I (2) 1427 AH - 2006 AD.
Contemporary Intellectual Doctrines, Muhammad Qutb, Dar Al-Shorouk - Beirut, I (7) 1413 AH - 1993 AD.
Revelation and Man - a cognitive reading, Muhammad Al-Sayed Al-Julaind, Publisher: Dar Qubaa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution - Cairo, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
European Thought in the Eighteenth Century, Paul Hazler, translated by: Muhammad Ghallab, Authorship, Translation and Publishing Committee - Cairo, 1957 AD, (Dr. I).
Secularism and the position of Islam towards it, Hammoud bin Ahmed Al-Rehaili, p. 115,
AH, Publisher: The Islamic University of Madinah.
Studies in the Jewish and Christian Religions, Saud bin Abdulaziz Al-Khalaf, Adwaa Al-Salaf - Riyadh, I (1) 1418 AH - 1997 AD.
Al-Abbad Warning Against the Dangerousness of Atheism, Ahmed Khaled Al-Tahan, published by Al-Aluka Network, (D.M), (D.T), (D.T).
Atheism, the Impossible Illusion, Noureddine Qutait, Al-Sabil Foundation, (Dr. M), I (1) 1442 AH-2020 CE.
Religion and Dialectical Material Philosophy (Unpublished MA), Ahmed Ali Heshi, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 1396AH-1976AD.
Researches in the History of Materialism, Plekhanov, Arabization: Muhammad Mustajir Mustafa, Dar Al-Farabi - Beirut, Edition (1) 1979 AD.
Atheism for Beginners: Your Brief Guide to the Dialogue Between Faith and Atheism, Hisham Azmy, Dar Al-Kitab for Publishing and Distribution - Ismailia, and Brahen Center for Research and Studies - London, vol. (2) 2015 AD.
The strongest evidence d. John Links in Refuting the Fallacies of Deniers of Religion, compiled and commented on by: Ahmed Hassan (Abu Hoballah), Dalail Center - Riyadh, I (1) 1437 AH.
Accurate speech, the Islamic vision of the philosophy of nature, Muhammad Basil Al-Taie, The World of Modern Books - Jordan, 2010 AD, (Dr. I).
Reflections on Modern and Contemporary Philosophy, Muhammad Abd al-Rahman Bisar, The Anglo Egyptian Bookshop - Cairo, Edition (2) 1972 AD.
Criticism of Contemporary Doctrines, Ibrahim Mustafa Ibrahim, Dar Al-Wafaa for the World of Printing and Publishing - Alexandria, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
History of Contemporary Philosophy in Europe, Bochinsky, Translated by: Abdul Karim Al-Wafi, Al-Ferjani Foundation - Libya, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
Atheism, the causes of this phenomenon and methods of treatment, Abd al-Rahman Abd al-Khaleq, printed and published by: General Presidency of the Department of Scientific Research, Ifta, Call and Guidance - Riyadh, I (2) 1404 AH.
Contemporary Intellectual Doctrines and Their Role in Societies and the Muslim’s Attitude towards Them, Ghaleb Awaji, Publisher: Al-Asriyya Al-Dhahabi Library - Jeddah, Edition (1) 1427 AH - 2006 AD.
Islam and science, a comparison between the concept of modern science and the concept of science in Islam, Ahmed Abdel Hamid Ghorab, Islamic Printing and Publishing House, Islamic Center for Studies and Research, (Dr. M), (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
Islam and Contemporary Scientific Attitudes, Yahya Hashem Farghal, Dar Al-Maarif - Cairo, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
Islam and Experimental Science, Youssef Al-Suwaidi, Al-Falah Library for Publishing and Distribution - Kuwait, I (2) 1420 AH-2000 AD.
Illusions of Scientific Atheism, Muhammad Basil Al-Ta’i, Dalail Center - Riyadh, I (2) 1439 AH.
A Struggle with Atheists to the Bone, Abdul Rahman Al-Maidani, Publisher: Dar Al-Qalam - Damascus, Edition (5) 1412 AH - 1992 AD.
Modern Scientific Theories: Their Intellectual Journey and the Method of Arab Westernization Thought in Dealing with It Critical Study (Published PhD), Hassan Al-Asmari, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, printed at the expense of: Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs - Qatar, Publisher: Al-Taseel Center for Studies and Research , Jeddah - Saudi Arabia, I (1) 1433 AH - 2012 AD.
The Journey of Islamic Thought from Influence to Influence, Mr. Muhammad Al-Shahed, University Foundation - Beirut, I (1) 1414 AH - 1994 AD.
Proofs of God’s Existence in the Soul, Mind and Science, Sami Amiri, Takween for Studies and Research - Britain, vol. (1) 1440 AH - 2018 AD.
Wikipedia, access date: February 14, 2021 AD, website: (https://bit.ly/3nWWMxQ).
Wikipedia, access date: February 12, 2021 AD, website: (https://bit.ly/3beh8h3).
Wikipedia, access date: February 14, 2021 AD, website: (https://bit.ly/3oFrvQi).
From the Life of the Scholars, Theodore Berland, Translated by: Ahmed Badran, Published by Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, (Dr. M), (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
Social Justice in Islam, Sayyid Qutb, Dar Revival of Arab Books - Cairo, Edition (4) 1954 AD.
Studies in Modern Philosophy, Mahmoud Hamdi Zaqzouq, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi - Cairo, vol. (3), (Dr. T).
Evidence of Perplexed Minds in Exposing Contemporary Doctrines, Hamid Ibn Abdullah Al-Ali, (Dr. N), (Dr. M), (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
The Impact of Secularism on Education in the Islamic World (Unpublished Masters), Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al-Sudais, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 1400 AH-1401 AH.
Atheism and Its Causes The Black Page of the Church, Zainab Abdel Aziz, Dar Al-Qabas for Printing, Published: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi - Damascus - Cairo, Edition (1) 2004 AD.
The debating debate between Sheikh Rahmatullah Al-Hindi and the priest in Fender, Muhammad Rahmat Allah Khalil Al-Hanafi, investigation: Muhammad Abdul Halim Abu Al-Saad, Publisher: Al-Jabalawi Press - Cairo, Edition (1) 1405 AH.
A Life of Facts, Gustave Le Bon, translating it into Arabic: Adel Zuaiter, Al-Iman Bookshop - Cairo, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
Shame on the letter of the Torah and the Gospel, Saleh bin Al-Hussein Al-Jaafari, investigation: Mahmoud Abdel-Rahman Kadah, Publisher: Obeikan Library - Riyadh - Saudi Arabia, Edition (1) 1419 AH - 1998 AD.
The Messiah, peace be upon him, between truth and delusions, Muhammad Wasfi, reviewed and presented by: Ali Al-Gohary, Dar Al-Fadila for Publishing, Distribution and Export - Cairo, (Dr. I), (D. T).
Christianity, Ahmed Shalabi, p. 247, (Dr. N), (Dr. M), edition (6) 1978 AD.
Christianity and Islam, Muhammad Ezzat Al-Tahtawi, Al-Nour Bookshop - Cairo, Edition (2) 1406 AH - 1986 AD.
The Response to the Christians, Salih bin Hussein Al-Jaafari, verified and presented to him by: Muhammad Muhammad Hassanein, Published: The Schools Library - Doha, Dar Al-Tawfiq Model for Printing and Automated Collection - Cairo, I (1) 1409 AH-1988 AD.
Hidayat al-Hayari fi Answers of the Jews and Christians, by Ibn al-Qayyim, investigation: Muhammad Ahmad al-Hajj, Publisher: Dar al-Qalam - Dar al-Shamiya, Jeddah, I (1) 1416 AH - 1996 CE.
The correct answer for those who changed the religion of Christ, by Ibn Taymiyyah, investigation: Ali bin Hassan, Abdul Aziz bin Ibrahim, Hamdan bin Muhammad, Publisher: Dar Al-Asima - Saudi Arabia, I (2) 1419 AH - 1999 AD.
Basic Facts in the Christian Faith, Reverend Fayez Fares, House of Christian Culture, (Dr. M), New Cairo Press, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
The Constitution of the Evangelical Church in Egypt, issued by the Christian Culture House, (Dr. M), printed by Dar Noob Press
R-Cairo, (Dr. I), (Dr. T).
The Holy Book, Third Edition, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Kitab - Cairo, Edition (5) 2006 AD.
Pillars of Faith, Muhammad Qutb, Dar Al-Shorouk - Cairo, I (1) 1422 AH-2001 AD.
Islam and secularism face to face, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Wahba Bookshop - Cairo, Edition (7) 1997 AD.
European Civilization in the Nineteenth Century, Hafri Braun, translated by: Abla Hijab, Dar Al Qalam - Beirut, 1963 AD, (Dr. I).
The Moral Problem and Philosophers, Andre Cresson, Translated by: Abdel Halim Mahmoud, Abu Bakr Zikra, Dar Al-Shaab Press - Cairo, 1399AH-1979AD, (Dr. I).
The Religion of Power, Michael Scott Horton, House of Culture, (D. M), (D. I), (D. T).
This is Terrorism, A Study of the Inquisition Courts, Past and Present, Farghali Ali Tasn Haridi, Rawabet for Publishing and Information Technology and Al-Shaqri Publishing House - Cairo, (D.T), (D.T).
History of Europe in the Modern Age (1789-1950), H. a. to. Fisher, Arabization: Ahmed Hashem, Wadih al-Dabaa, Dar al-Ma'arif - Cairo, vol. (6), (Dr. T).
History of the Nineteenth Century in Europe, Muhammad Qassem, Hussein Hosni, Egyptian Book House Press - Cairo, 1348 AH-1929 AD, Edition (6).
Modern Paganism and Islam’s Attitude towards It (Unpublished MA), Yusuf Muhammad Al-Ahmad, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 1407AH-1987AD.
A Dictionary of Contemporary Arabic, Ahmed Mukhtar Abdel Hamid Omar, with the help of a team, Publisher: World of Books, (Dr. M), Edition (1) 1429 AH-2008 AD.
Islam and Issues of the Age, Ibrahim Al-Dabo and others, Dar Al-Ma’moun for Publishing and Distribution - Amman, I (2) 1433 AH-2012 AD.
The General History of Civilizations, Edward Broy, translated by: Youssef Dagher, Farid Dagher, Oweidat for Printing and Publishing - Beirut, 2003 AD, (Dr. I).
Barry Song of Sudan (novel), Ibrahim Ahmed Issa, Dar Toya for Publishing and Distribution - Cairo, 2018 AD, (Dr. I).
Elias Boutros Al-Hawik, Patriarch of the Maronites, Patriarch of Lebanon 1843-1931, Abdo Tawfiq Yaqoub, Dar Al-Farabi - Beirut, Edition (1) 2016 AD.
All the teachings of the Bible, Herbert Lockyer, translated by: Edward Wadih Abd al-Masih, Dar al-Thaqafa - Cairo, edition (1) 2009 AD.
The activity of contemporary intellectual schools on the Internet, Abdullah bin Musa Al-Kahili, Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi for Publishing and Distribution - Dammam, I (1) 1440 AH.
Qadhafi al-Haq, Muhammad al-Ghazali al-Sakka, Dar al-Qalam - Damascus, vol. (1) 1411 AH - 1991 AD.
Stones on the Chessboard, William Carr, Dar Al-Nafais, (Dr. M), Edition (1), (Dr. T).
The Jewish Threat: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, translated by: Muhammad Khalifa al-Tunisi (relative to the village of Tunis in Upper Egypt), submitted by: Abbas Mahmoud al-Akkad, Publisher: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi - Beirut, (D.T), (D.T).
The Hidden World Government, Cherib Spiridovich, translated by Mamoun Saeed, edited and presented by: Ahmed Armoush, Dar Al-Nafais, (Dr. M), edition (9) 411 AH.
Second: Foreign references:
- Nobel Laureates And Other Great Scientists Who Believe In God. Tihomir Dimitrov. Copyright (C) 1995-2008. By: Tihomir Dimitrov.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
