❖ Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism

Plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, is strictly prohibited and will not be tolerated under any circumstances.

Authors are fully responsible for ensuring that their submissions are entirely original. Any use of another person's work, ideas, or words must be properly cited or quoted in accordance with academic standards.

Submissions that replicate the same research findings across multiple journals or publications are considered unethical. Simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal is strictly forbidden.

All sources that have significantly contributed to the content of the submitted work must be accurately acknowledged through proper citation.

❖ Review and Verification Procedures

1. Manual Assessment

The Editorial Team performs a thorough manual review of all manuscripts. This includes checking citation accuracy and ensuring the originality of quotations and referenced material by comparing the content with both offline and online sources.

2. Plagiarism Detection Tools

All submitted manuscripts are subjected to plagiarism screening using Turnitin and Detectia software. Any manuscript found to contain more than 20% similarity (excluding references, quotations, and bibliography) will be automatically rejected without further consideration.

Notes for Authors

• Authors are encouraged to check their manuscripts for originality before submission using reliable tools.
• The responsibility for ethical writing lies entirely with the authors.
• In case of detected plagiarism, the editorial board reserves the right to take appropriate actions, including rejection, blacklisting, and notification to affiliated institutions.