توجيهات نمذجة القياس في الأبحاث السلوكية والاجتماعية: مقارنة بين النماذج العاكسة والمركبة والتكوينية
توجيهات نمذجة القياس في الأبحاث السلوكية والاجتماعية: مقارنة بين النماذج العاكسة والمركبة والتكوينية
الملخص
يلعب الإحصاء دورًا حيويًا في تنفيذ العديد من الأبحاث العلمية والأطروحات الجامعية في ضوء التطور السريع لتكنولوجيا المعلومات واستخدام الحاسوب والأساليب الإحصائية، على غرار مجدولات إكسال Excel وبرنامج الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية SPSS والذي سهل معالجة البيانات التي كان يصعب معالجتها في وقت سابق.
ونظرا للنقص الفادح المشاهد في توظيف الرسومات البيانية والمخططات بمختلف أنواعها والأخطاء المرتكبة أثناء القيام بذلك في الدراسات الميدانية التي تنجز في إطار تقديم مذكرات ورسائل التخرج، وبهدف تبديد الخوف ودحض الخشية أو التبلد العقلي لدى من يتجنب الإحصاء والإحصائيات بشكل عام وهذه التمثيلات بشكل خاص على الرغم من أهميتها البيانية وفعاليتها التوضيحية والتفسيرية والمتعة والتشويق التي تضفوه على الأرقام والنسب والمعدلات، ارتأينا في هذا العمل بتوظيف المنهج الوصفي أن نسلط الضوء على أهم مشكلات تمثيل بيانات الظواهر الاجتماعية المنظمة سالفا في جداول تكرارية وإحصائية، ومن ثمة نقل النُّكهة الإحصائية الحديثة إلى الطلبة والباحثين بصفة عامة من خلال عرض مفهوم وخصائص التمثيل البياني وأهم مكوناته الشكلية، لنغوص بعد ذلك في أنواعه ومختلف أخطاء استعماله الشائعة.
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