The WTO and public stockholding programmes for food security purposes in developing countries: progress and perspectives
Abstract
Public stockholding programmes (PSPs) dedicated to food security are of crucial importance to many developing countries, given that these countries are, at all times, vulnerable to fluctuations in world food prices and supplies. Consequently, despite the obtaining of a peace clause, where the countries concerned by these PSPs are excluded from any legal challenges until a "permanent solution" is found, the use of these PSPs has given rise to a wide-ranging debate in the WTO on their efficiency in order to reach expected milestones, and on the measures required to ensure that the WTO Agreement on Agriculture is respected throughout the process. This article aims to understand the progress and perspectives of these PSPs, by tracing the studies that have been devoted to them, in order to draw conclusions about their importance as a political instrument which has served to make a tangible contribution overcome food crises.
Downloads
References
- Anderson, K. (2017). Finishing Global Farm Trade Reform: Implications for developing countries. Adelaide, Austrelia, University of Adelaide Press, pp. 94-95.
- Balchin, N., & Mendez-Parra, M. (2017). Agriculture: The implications of current WTO negotiations for economic transformation in developing countries. Synthesis Paper. London : Overseas Development Institute, p. 09.
- Bellmann, C., & Hepburn, J. (2017). The Decline of Commodity Prices and Global Agricultural Trade Negotiations: A Game Changer? International Development Policy. Revue internationale de politique de développement, 8(8.1). Online since 16 November 2017. Retrieved from: http://journals.openedition.org/poldev/2384 ; DOI: 10.4000/poldev.2384. (Consulté le 14/05/2019).
- Calpe, C., (2017). Public stockholding programmes: What implications for food security? International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. Retrieved from: https://www.ictsd.org/opinion/public-stockholding-programmes-what-implications-for-food-security (consulté le 15/03/2019).
- De Schutter, O., (2011). The World Trade Organization and the post-global food crisis agenda. United Nations, Briefing Note 04. November (Rome: FAO/United Nations). Retrieved from: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Food/BN4_SRRTF_WTO_EN.pdf (consulté le 18/06/2019)
- Díaz-Bonilla, E., (2014). On food security stocks, peace clauses, and permanent solutions after Bali. (No. 1388). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Díaz-Bonilla, E., (2017). Public stockholding programs: What options for a permanent solution? In: Piñeiro, V., and Piñeiro, M., (Eds.). Agricultural trade interests and challenges at the WTO Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires: A Southern Cone perspective. pp. 55-70. San Jose, Costa Rica. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Retrieved from: http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/131542 (consulté le 23/06/2019).
- FAO, FIDA, OMS, PAM & UNICEF. (2019). L’État de la sécurité alimentaire et de la nutrition dans le monde 2019. Se prémunir contre les ralentissements et les fléchissements économiques. Rome, FAO, p. 21.
- Galtier, F. (2017). Looking for a Permanent Solution on Public Stockholding Programmes at the WTO: Getting the Right Metrics on the Support Provided. E15Initiative. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development-World Economic Forum.
- Glauber, J., (2016). After Nairobi: Public stockholding for food security. In: ICTSD. Evaluating Nairobi: What Does the Outcome Mean for Trade in Food and Farm Goods? (pp. 69-82). Eds. Hepburn, J., and Bellmann, C., ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development; International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Krivonos, E., Morrison, J., & Canigiani, E. (2015). Trade and Food Security: Links, Processes, and Prospects. In: Schmitz, A., Kennedy, P. L., & Schmitz, T. G. (Eds.). Food Security in an Uncertain World: An International Perspective (pp. 15-30). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Liese, A. (2018). Food Security. In: Draude, A., Börzel, T., & Risse, T. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Governance and Limited Statehood (pp: 459-478). First Edition, Oxford University Press.
- Margulis, M. E. (2018). The World Trade Organization between law and politics: negotiating a solution for public stockholding for food security purposes. Transnational Legal Theory, 9(3-4), 343–360. Doi :10.1080/20414005.2018.1562290.
- Matthews, A., (2015). Food security, developing countries and multilateral trade rules: The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2015-16 Background paper. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, pp: 34-35.
- Mavroidis, P.C., (2016). The Regulation of International Trade. The WTO Agreements on Trade in Goods, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, p. 594.
- Nakuja, T., & Kerr, W. A. (2019). International Trade and Food Security: Can Public Stockholding Be Dismissed? International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), 7(1128-2019-2036), 91-106.
- OCDE/FAO (2018), Perspectives agricoles de l’OCDE et de la FAO 2018-2027, Éditions OCDE, Paris/Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, Rome, p. 102.
Traduction en Anglais: OECD/FAO (2018), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2018-2027, OECD Publishing, Paris/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, p. 102.
- OECD (2018), The Economic Effects of Public Stockholding Policies for Rice in Asia, OECD Publishing, Paris, pp. 14-15.
- OMC, (s.d.), glossaire, Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/french/thewto_f/glossary_f/food_security_f.htm, (consulté le 15/09/2018).
- Parent, G., & Modou, K. L. (2019). Les expressions de la spécificité agricole. Ottawa Law Review, 50(1).
- Patnaik, B., (2015). Iniquité à volonté : l'alimentation à la table de l'OMC, in : La nutrition des peuples n’est pas un business 2015 ⁄ édition 07, (pp. 53-61), l’Observatoire du droit à l’alimentation et à la nutrition, Retrieved from: http://www.righttofoodandnutrition.org/files/watch_2015_article_6_french_lalimentation_a_la_table_de_lomc.pdf (consulté le 20/04/2019).
- Shaheen, S., Ahmad, M., & Haroon, N. (2017). Edible Wild Plants: An alternative approach to food security. Springer International Publishing, p. 03.
- Sharma, R. (2011), Food Export Restrictions: Review of the 2007-2010 Experience and Considerations for Disciplining Restrictive Measures, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/est/PUBLICATIONS/Comm_Working_Papers/E ST-WP32.pdf (consulté le 15/12/2018).
- Sharma, S. K. (2016a). WTO and food security in developing countries: unfair provisions. In: Chakraborty, D. (Ed.), Mukherjee, J. (Ed.). Trade, Investment and Economic Development in Asia (pp. 303-315). London: Routledge.
- Sharma, S. K. (2016b). The WTO and Food Security: Implications for Developing Countries, Springer, p. 214.
- Singh, G. (2017). Discussing Agriculture Subsidies; from the WTO Perspective. In Subsidies in the Context of the WTO's Free Trade System (pp. 135-196). Springer, Cham.
- Sloman, J., Garratt, D. & Wride, W., (2018). Economics. 10th Edition, Harlow, England: Pearson Education, p. 98.
- South centre (2015). WTO’s MC10: Agriculture Negotiations - Public Stockholding, December 2015, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Trebilcock, M. J. (2015). Advanced introduction to international trade law. Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 108.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
